Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Gambhir"
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Publication Childhood Tuberculosis: An Under Prioritized Disease in Nepal(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Gautam, Rabin; Shrestha, Gambhir; Phuyal, PrabinAbstract: Globally, childhood tuberculosis constitutes up to 10% of overall tuberculosis cases. In Nepal, childhood tuberculosis has remained around 5.5% of overall tuberculosis cases and has remained stagnant over the years. Moreover, our health system is focused on adult tuberculosis. Childhood tuberculosis has recently got its attention both at the national and international levels. National Tuberculosis Program has been a successful program; however, more has to be done to track childhood tuberculosis progress. In this viewpoint, we discuss current initiatives taken by the government and the way forward for case detection and management of childhood tuberculosis in Nepal.Publication Clinico-pathological Spectrum of Oral Cavity Lesions at a Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bastakoti, Shankar; Shrestha, Gambhir; Gautam, Dej Kumar; Dhungana, Ishan; Jha, Nandita; Pandey, Greta; Upreti, Suraj; Shrestha, Ashmita; Bhatta, Ranjan RajAbstract: Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The disease burden is increasing at an alarming rate in developing Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to report the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at a tertiary cancer center in central Nepal. Methods: This study included all those cases of oral cavity lesions, of which diagnostic biopsy was done from January 2018 to December 2019. The data were retrieved from the Department of Pathology of BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital. The study proposal was approved by the Institutional Review Committee at BPKMCH (Ref: 247/2020) on 28th June 2020. Convenience sampling was done. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 851 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The mean age of the study population was 55.9 years, with male to female ratio of 3:1. Malignant lesions composed of 472 (55.5%) cases followed by premalignant lesion of 104 (12%). More than 453 (95%) malignant cases were squamous cell carcinoma, of which 342 (75%) were a well-differentiated type. The buccal cavity is the most common site of malignant lesion 212 (45%), followed by tongue 96 (20%) and lower gingivobuccal region 86 (18%). Conclusions: Malignant lesions are the most common histopathological findings in the oral cavity lesion with squamous cell carcinoma type. Oral cancer is common cancer that can be prevented and cured if detected early.Publication Nutritional Status and its Associated Factors among Elderly Population in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal(Central Department of Public Health, 2025) Mishra, Prativa; Shrestha, Gambhir; Shakya, SujataBackground:Malnutrition, which compromise immunity and functional ability jeopardizing quality of life, is common in elderly. The Sustainable Development Goals focus on healthy and active aging rather than just longevity, with nutrition being a key component to achieving this. This study aimed to determine the nutritional status and its associated fators among the elderly population of Suryabinayak municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to study elderly population of 60 years and above from September 2022 to March 2023. Multistage cluster random sampling with probability proportionate to size was applied to select 473 samples. A face-to-face structured interview was conducted by using standard questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements were also performed. The test of association between nutritional status and related variables was performed using binary and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among 473 participants, 53.1% were at risk of malnutrition and 12.3% were malnourished. The mean quality of life score was 26.4±4.3. Age more than 70 years (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.76-5.56), those with non-paid occupation (home makers) (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.02-3.24), belonging to the lower socio-economic status (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.52-3.80), and smokers (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-2.60) were found to be the predictors of malnutrition. There was a significant positive correlation between nutritional status and quality of life (r=0.612). Conclusion: The elderly population is at high risk of malnutrition in Suryabinayak municipality. Periodic assessment of nutritional status helps to identify elderly who are at risk of malnutrition at its initial stage, and early preventive measure can improve their quality of life.Publication Nutritional Status and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Bidur Municipality, Nuwakot District, Nepal: A Secondary Data Analysis(Central Department of Public Health, 2024) Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Pant, Smriti; Shrestha, Gambhir; Karki, Namrata; Mikrani, Tanweer Ahmad; Joshi, Deepak Raj; Shrestha, Sushan Man; Basel, Prem; Karki, Khem B.Abstract Background: Undernutrition among under-five children is a major public health problem in Nepal. The study's main objective was to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among under-5 children of Bidur Municipality, Nuwakot district using secondary data analysis. Methods: We analyzed the data of 667 under-five children from 3183 households collected from the Community Health Diagnosis 2023 program database stored in the Kobo toolbox. Nutritional status indicators were measured by using the WHO classification. The chi-square test was applied to find out the association of nutritional status with independent variables such as maternal age at marriage, age at first child, antenatal, delivery, and post-natal care, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, and immunization status. Results: Nearly 32% (95%CI: 28.3-35.8) of the children were stunted, 12.1% (95%CI: 9.7-14.7) wasted, and 13.9% (95%CI: 11.4-16.6) were underweight. Early age at marriage, less than four ANC visits by the mother, history of substance use during pregnancy, and not exclusively breastfeeding were significantly associated with different forms of undernutrition. Conclusion: Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and a higher number of ANC visits and discouraging early-age marriage and substance use during pregnancy are necessary to prevent undernutrition in under-five children. Keywords: Malnutrition, Nepal, under-five children