Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Lava"
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Publication Comparison of Spirometric Parameters in different Postures among Young Healthy Volunteers(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Mahotra, Narayan B; Shrestha, Lava; Kandel, Sabita; Chaudhary, SonamAbstract Background: Spirometry is the most common pulmonary function tests that specifically measures volume and flow of air during respiration. It helps to identify obstructive and restrictive diseases of the lungs. The alterations of the results in spirometry can happen even in normal health due to change in body postures that alter lung volumes and muscle biomechanics. So, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of change of postures mainly supine, sitting and standing on pulmonary parameters of young healthy volunteers. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among young medical students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus in the department of Clinical Physiology. A total of 31 students were selected by convenient sampling technique. Pulmonary parameters: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Peak Expiratory Flow(PEF), EF2575 were collected from spirometry. The spirometry was done in supine, sitting and standing postures and the best value of each posture was selected for the comparison and obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with confidence interval of 95%. Results: The pulmonary parameters recorded in different postures showed that the mean of these variables comparatively increased in standing posture than others with mean FVC 3.98±0.66 L, mean FEV1 3.53±0.55L, mean FEV1/FVC 89.23±5.60%, mean PEF 8.60±1.62L/s and mean PEF2575 4.46±1.08 L/s. The mean comparisons of these pulmonary parameters in supine, sitting and standing postures showed statistically significant differences with P value < 0.05. Conclusions: The pulmonary parameters are affected by body postures. Those parameters are recorded highest during standing posture and lowest during supine posture. Keywords: Postures; pulmonary parameters; spirometryPublication Nature of Research Proposals Submitted to Institute of Medicine Institutional Review Committee: A Retrospective Review(Nepal Health Research Council, 2025) Tiwari, Ashish; Sharma, Mohan Raj; Shrestha, Lava; Bali, Kanchana; Bhatta, Om PrakashAbstract Background : Efficient evaluation of research proposals is crucial for ensuring ethical standards and scientific rigor in healthcare. This study aims to analyze the proposals submitted to the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to determine the trends in health-related research conducted in a major institute. Methods: This is a retrospective review of research proposals submitted to the IRC of IOM from May 2019 to April 2021. The analysis focused on the institutional/departmental affiliation of investigators, gender of the principal investigator (PI), funding sources, ethical issues, types of proposals, and research design. Results: Out of 769 proposals submitted, seven were rejected (acceptance rate of 99.1%). There was a steady increase in the number of submissions over the study period. Descriptive cross-sectional studies were the most frequent 630 (82.6%) followed by randomized controlled trials. More than half [403, 52.9%] proposals were related to health promotion. The clinical departments contributed 443 (58.1%) submissions. Males outnumbered females (54.2% vs 45.8%) and only 53 (7.0%) were funded. Conclusions: Cross-sectional studies with a focus on health promotion were the most common submissions for ethical approval at the IOM. Policymakers in our institute and other institutions can use this research to set priorities for promoting research. Keywords: Ethical review, Institutional Review Board, Researchers, research proposalPublication Pattern of Blood Products Consumption in a Teaching Hospital(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Shrestha, Lava; Gurung, Numaya; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Pradhan, Sait; Ghimire, Ananda; Pokhrel, Kailash Mani; Khanal, Kapil; Dhungana, Reechashree; Gautam, Naveen; Kandel, Sabita; Chaudhary, SonamBackground: Blood transfusions are lifesaving, but resource limitations and inadequate utilization patterns pose challenges in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, detailed analyses of blood use practices, are needed to inform resource allocation and policy decisions. The objective of this study was to study the overall and component-specific use, explore temporal trends in utilization of blood and blood products. Methods: We conducted an observational study analyzing data from Blood Bank of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), a tertiary hospital (January 1st - December 31st, 2019). Data included patient demographics, blood groups, blood products requested and transfused, and facility type. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS v20. Results: Patients from TUTH had substantially higher blood product requests, requesting 25,716 units compared to only 1855 units across other centers combined. Blood groups A positive (8089, 31.4%) and and O positive (7851, 30.6%) were the most requested blood groups. Whole blood (11358, 44.2%) and packed red blood cells (9565, 37.2%) were most frequently requested. We observed monthly fluctuations in demand with peak of 2742 requests in December with a trough in June (1947 units). Notably, only approximately 46% of blood products requested from patients admitted to TUTH were ultimately transfused. Conclusions: Whole blood and packed red blood cells were the most frequently requested blood products. Eventhough whole blood was the most frequently requested blood product, the most transfused one was packed red cells. Peak demand was observed in December. Our study provides valuable insights into blood utilization patterns, underscoring the need for specific strategies to improve blood transfusion management practices. Keywords: Blood banking; blood transfusion; blood utilization; LMICs. Nepal.