Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Marina Vaidya"
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Publication Abnormal Ultrasonographic Findings among Referred Patients with Pain Abdomen in the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Mulmi, Smriti; Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Pradhan, SanjeevAbstract: Introduction: Correct and prompt diagnosis is essential for the appropriate management of patients. Often, children and their caretakers cannot provide a reliable history to allow clinicians to determine the cause of the pain. This study's objective was to find out the prevalence of abnormal ultrasonographic findings among referred patients with pain abdomen in the radiology department of a tertiary care center of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients in the out-patient and emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain from 2021 April 5 to August 30 in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical clearance was taken from IRC (registration no: 423/2021). The convenience sampling method was used. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Collected data were entered and analyzed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Among 250 patients with pain abdomen referred to the department of radiology, 169 (67.6%) (61.80-73.40 at 95% Confidence Interval) had abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Mean age of the patients was 39.4±17.9 years. Initial clinical diagnosis was in agreement with the abdominal ultrasound diagnosis in 57 (22.8%) patients. For the remaining 193 patients, the diagnosis obtained from abdominal ultrasound differed from the initial clinical diagnosis. Conclusions: Most of the cases of pain abdomen showed abnormalities in ultrasound. Clinical evaluation should be used together with ultrasound abdomen in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis.Publication Cost Variation Analysis of the Oral Drugs used in Dyslipidemia, Available in Nepalese Market(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2025) Bhattarai, Ashish kumar; Shrestha, Marina VaidyaAbstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases is the topmost cause of disability adjusted life years in Nepal. There are many groups of anti-dyslipidemic drugs available in the market in different brands and strength. This study is to find the cost ratio and cost variation among the different brands available in the market. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional market survey was conducted from June 2025 to July 2025. The retail price of anti-dyslipidemic drugs from different pharmacies, wholesalers in Nepal was collected. Similarly government published price list was also reviewed. Cost ratio and percentage of cost variation was calculated form the extracted data. Results: The cost variation between different brands of the drugs used in dyslipidemia was calculated. Highest cost ratio (1:2.16) and cost variation (116.84%) was found for atorvastatin 20mg, followed by atorvastatin 10mg which had cost ratio (1:2.14) and cost variation (114%). Fenofibrate 200mg had cost ratio of (1:1.85) and cost variation (85.6%). Minimum cost variation was observed among the 5mg and 40mg strength of atorvastatin. Conclusion: Low to high variation in the cost of the same medicine in different doses with different brands were used to treat dyslipidemia. The drug with least cost variation was found to be 5mg strength of atorvastatin and drug with highest cost variation was found to be with 20mg atorvastatin.Publication Health and wellbeing Benefits of Urban Agriculture Practice in Kathmandu Valley(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Shrestha, Sunil Babu; Shrestha, BijayaBackground: Urban areas are occupied with dense population and green spaces are hard to find. Urban agriculture solves food security problems as well as has important positive health outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine health and wellbeing Benefits of Urban Agricultural Practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Random selection of three study sites from Kathmandu valley was done. The total sample size was 230 which was grouped into involved in agriculture (115) and non- Involved in agriculture (115). Those groups were recruited from different wards of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. Questionnaire regarding socio-demographic variables, SF-12 health survey, perceived stress scale, satisfaction with life scale were used. KoBo Toolbox was used for data collection. Results: The involved in agriculture groups differed from non-involved in terms of gender, ethnicity, occupation, marital status, education and ownership of the house (p<0.05). Participants engaged in urban agriculture reported significantly lower levels of perceived stress compared to those not involved in urban agriculture. Similarly, the data shows that life satisfaction was significantly higher among the group involved in urban agriculture. Conclusions: Urban agriculture was associated with lower perceived stress and higher life satisfaction among the study participants who were involved in urban agriculture compared to the group not involved as compared to the group of study participants not involved in urban agriculture. Keywords: Agriculture; cities; healthcare; urban population.Publication Self-medication among Medical Students and Staffs of a Tertiary Care Centre during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Acharya, Anna; Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Karki, DimindraAbstract: Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice worldwide. Major problems related to self-medication are wastage of resources, increased resistance of pathogens, adverse reactions, and prolonged suffering. This study aimed to find the prevalence of self-medication among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre from 1st November to 30th November, 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2710202102). Convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Online questionnaires consisting of information on self-medication and socio-demographic characteristics were used. The data was transferred into an Excel spreadsheet and later was exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 383 participants, the prevalence of self-medication during the pandemic was 193 (50.4%) (45.39-55.40 at 95% Confidence Interval). About half of the respondents 90 (50.3%) who self-medicated purchased the medicines directly from the pharmacy. The most consumed medicines were Paracetamol 128 (18.9%), Vitamin C 126 (18.6%), Zinc 86 (12.7%), Multivitamins 75 (11.1%), and Vitamin D 65 (9.6%) followed by Azithromycin 54 (8%), cough syrup 53 (7.8%) and Ibuprofen 46 (6.8%). Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower compared to that of other developing countries. Paracetamol and Vitamin C are the most consumed drugs for self-medication and Azithromycin is the most used prescription-only drug for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.