Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Marina Vaidya"
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Publication Cost Variation Analysis of the Oral Drugs used in Dyslipidemia, Available in Nepalese Market(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2025) Bhattarai, Ashish kumar; Shrestha, Marina VaidyaAbstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases is the topmost cause of disability adjusted life years in Nepal. There are many groups of anti-dyslipidemic drugs available in the market in different brands and strength. This study is to find the cost ratio and cost variation among the different brands available in the market. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional market survey was conducted from June 2025 to July 2025. The retail price of anti-dyslipidemic drugs from different pharmacies, wholesalers in Nepal was collected. Similarly government published price list was also reviewed. Cost ratio and percentage of cost variation was calculated form the extracted data. Results: The cost variation between different brands of the drugs used in dyslipidemia was calculated. Highest cost ratio (1:2.16) and cost variation (116.84%) was found for atorvastatin 20mg, followed by atorvastatin 10mg which had cost ratio (1:2.14) and cost variation (114%). Fenofibrate 200mg had cost ratio of (1:1.85) and cost variation (85.6%). Minimum cost variation was observed among the 5mg and 40mg strength of atorvastatin. Conclusion: Low to high variation in the cost of the same medicine in different doses with different brands were used to treat dyslipidemia. The drug with least cost variation was found to be 5mg strength of atorvastatin and drug with highest cost variation was found to be with 20mg atorvastatin.Publication Health and wellbeing Benefits of Urban Agriculture Practice in Kathmandu Valley(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Shrestha, Sunil Babu; Shrestha, BijayaBackground: Urban areas are occupied with dense population and green spaces are hard to find. Urban agriculture solves food security problems as well as has important positive health outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine health and wellbeing Benefits of Urban Agricultural Practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Random selection of three study sites from Kathmandu valley was done. The total sample size was 230 which was grouped into involved in agriculture (115) and non- Involved in agriculture (115). Those groups were recruited from different wards of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. Questionnaire regarding socio-demographic variables, SF-12 health survey, perceived stress scale, satisfaction with life scale were used. KoBo Toolbox was used for data collection. Results: The involved in agriculture groups differed from non-involved in terms of gender, ethnicity, occupation, marital status, education and ownership of the house (p<0.05). Participants engaged in urban agriculture reported significantly lower levels of perceived stress compared to those not involved in urban agriculture. Similarly, the data shows that life satisfaction was significantly higher among the group involved in urban agriculture. Conclusions: Urban agriculture was associated with lower perceived stress and higher life satisfaction among the study participants who were involved in urban agriculture compared to the group not involved as compared to the group of study participants not involved in urban agriculture. Keywords: Agriculture; cities; healthcare; urban population.