Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Sushan Man"
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Publication Anxiety and Depression among Reproductive Aged Women with Fertility Problem and Its Associated Factors: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Comparative Study(Central Department of Public Health, 2024) Shrestha, Sushan Man; Shrestha, SamirAbstract Introduction: The infertility problem is one of the growing public health issues in Nepal and the anxiety and depression related to this problem is not much studied. Objective: The aim of this study is to find status of anxiety and depression among the reproductive aged women having fertility problem and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a sample size of 177 respondents. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to access the anxiety and depression of the respondents. Chi Squared test and multivariate logistic regression was applied to find the association of anxiety and depression with socio-demographic, personal and health related variables. Results: The status of no, mild, moderate and severe anxiety were 52.7%, 24.2%, 17.6% and 5.5% respectively in fertile group and 30.2%, 23.3%, 14.0% and 32.6% in infertile group. Similarly, the status of no, mild, moderate and severe depression were 64.8%, 29.7%, 4.4% and 1.1% in fertile group and 50.0%, 14.0%, 8.1% and 27.9% in infertile group respectively. Both anxiety and depression were found to be statistically significant between fertile and infertile groups. Occupation [AOR 0.407 (0.203-0.817)], perceived income stress [2.124 (1.062-4.249)] and fertility status [2.463(1.254-4.838)] for anxiety and difficulties in relationship between couple [8.216(2.365-28.548)] for depression was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: This study revealed fertility status, occupation status, and perceived income stress as the factors associated to anxiety and difficulties in relationship between couple as the factor associated with depression. Keywords: Keywords: Infertility, anxiety, depressionPublication Nutritional Status and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Bidur Municipality, Nuwakot District, Nepal: A Secondary Data Analysis(Central Department of Public Health, 2024) Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Pant, Smriti; Shrestha, Gambhir; Karki, Namrata; Mikrani, Tanweer Ahmad; Joshi, Deepak Raj; Shrestha, Sushan Man; Basel, Prem; Karki, Khem B.Abstract Background: Undernutrition among under-five children is a major public health problem in Nepal. The study's main objective was to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among under-5 children of Bidur Municipality, Nuwakot district using secondary data analysis. Methods: We analyzed the data of 667 under-five children from 3183 households collected from the Community Health Diagnosis 2023 program database stored in the Kobo toolbox. Nutritional status indicators were measured by using the WHO classification. The chi-square test was applied to find out the association of nutritional status with independent variables such as maternal age at marriage, age at first child, antenatal, delivery, and post-natal care, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, and immunization status. Results: Nearly 32% (95%CI: 28.3-35.8) of the children were stunted, 12.1% (95%CI: 9.7-14.7) wasted, and 13.9% (95%CI: 11.4-16.6) were underweight. Early age at marriage, less than four ANC visits by the mother, history of substance use during pregnancy, and not exclusively breastfeeding were significantly associated with different forms of undernutrition. Conclusion: Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and a higher number of ANC visits and discouraging early-age marriage and substance use during pregnancy are necessary to prevent undernutrition in under-five children. Keywords: Malnutrition, Nepal, under-five childrenPublication Risk Factors of Primary Dysmenorrhea among Undergraduate Students of a Medical Institution of Nepal(Central Department of Public Health, 2025) Malla, Neha; Mahotra, Narayan; Shrestha, Sushan Man; Chaudhary, SonamBackground: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) has significant impact on life of young females. This study aimed to find various risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea and its impact on daily life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 165 female undergraduate students (age ≤24 years) of Institute of Medicine by convenience sampling method. It was a questionnaire-based study. Anthropometric measurements were taken for Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and waist hip ratio. Results: The study showed presence of PD in 98.2% participants among whom 20.6% had mild, 32.6% had moderate and 44.8% had severe PD. Pre-menstrual symptoms (PMS) was significantly associated with severity of PD (p <0.001, OR: 3.603, CI: 1.675-7.752). However, there was no statistically significant correlation seen with early age of menarche (p = 0.932) and family history of dysmenorrhea (p value= 0.70). No association was seen between severity of PD with BMI (p = 0.720), waist circumference (p = 0.850) and waist hip ratio (p = 0.858). Severity of PD was associated with limitations in daily activity (p value<0.001, OR:6.302, CI: 2.855-13.911), behavioral changes (p =0.001, OR: 2.638, CI: 1.186-5.864) and skipping of college (p < 0.001, OR: 10.00, CI: 2.922-34.227). Conclusions: The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was very high in young females. Institutional and social support system, plans and policies to support and create easy accessibility to treatment is needed. Only then young women will be able to achieve their full potential and hence social equity will be achieved.Publication Sexual Dysfunctions among Diabetic and Non-diabetic People Attending in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Karki, Khem Bahadur; Shah, Bhupendra Kumar; Shrestha, Sushan ManAbstract Background: Sexual dysfunctions including erectile dysfunction among men, a widespread sexual health issue, pose challenges to sexual satisfaction. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals aged 30-70. Methods: A study at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, surveyed 350 participants (176 men, 174 women), aged 30-70, with 52.6% having diabetes. The structured interviews and validated questionnaires like IIEF-5 for men and FSFI-6 for women to assess the prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction were used. Statistical tools were employed to measure the associations of different variables with Sexual dysfunctions. Results: Overall, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 73.7% (95% CI: 72.4- 73.7) with higher rates in men 83.9% (95% CI: 83.1- 84.7) than women 63.6% (95% CI: 62.0 - 65.2). Individuals with diabetes experienced an 81.5% prevalence of sexual dysfunction (95% CI: 80.6-82.4), whereas non-diabetic individuals exhibited a 65.1% prevalence (95% CI: 63.5-66.7). In the diabetic male population, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 97.5% (95% CI: 97.4-97.6), while diabetic females had a prevalence of 68.9% (95% CI: 67.5-70.3). Among non-diabetic men, the percentage of erectile dysfunction was 72% (95% CI: 70.7-73.3), and among non-diabetic women, sexual dysfunction remained 56.2% (95% CI: 54.4-58.0). Among individuals with diabetes, those who used tobacco exhibited a sexual dysfunction prevalence of 93.8% (95% CI: 93.5-94.1), while non-tobacco users had a prevalence of 74.8% (95% CI: 73.6-76.0). In non-diabetic individuals, obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunctions, reaching 84.6% (95% CI: 83.8-84.6). High blood pressure showed a strong association with sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic (83% with 95% CI: 81.9-83.4) and non-diabetic (70% with 95% CI: 67.7-70.1) groups. Individuals with diabetes for more than five years had a higher rate of sexual dysfunction as 87.8% (95% CI: 86.6-89.0) with 100% in men and 79% in women. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions related to obesity and alcohol consumption between diabetics and non-diabetics. Conclusions: The research highlights a noteworthy association of sexual dysfunctions with individuals with diabetes, male sex, tobacco use, and hypertension. The observed high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic and non diabetic people is a public health concern, emphasizing the need for culturally tailored approaches to address the sexual health of the affected individuals. Keywords: Diabetes; hypertension; lifestyle factors; sexual dysfunctions.