Browsing by Author "Singh, B"
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Publication Knowledge and Practice of Health Care Workers regarding Needle Stick Injuries in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2015) Singh, B; Paudel, B; KC, SABSTRACT Background Needle stick injuries are common health hazards among health care workers. Considering the increasing prevalence of body fluid borne infectious diseases; knowledge regarding the common errors and universal precautions are vital for the prevention of such accidents. Objective This study aimed to assess for knowledge and practice approaches among health care workers regarding needle stick injuries. Method This is a cross sectional survey was conducted using an anonymous, self-reporting 25-item structured questionnaire at a tertiary care center of central Nepal. A total of 165 health care personnel of working experience of more than 6 months were included in the study. Questionnaire included aspects of prevalence and knowledge on needle stick injury, hepatitis B immunization status and post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Result Prevalence of needle stick injury was found to be 703 per 1000 health care worker (70.3%) during their working tenure and majority of the injury happened among nurses (p<0.05) besides other professions. Seventy nine (47.9%) participants experienced the injury more than one time in their career and the mean number of injury was 2.06±1.16. The practice of needle recapping is still prevalent and 80% participants often use single handed technique. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus was not completed by 31% health workers. Inadequate knowledge about post exposure prophylaxis for HIV was reported by 46% participants. Conclusion High prevalence of needle stick injury with a high rate of ignorance was noted. These issues need to be addressed, through appropriate education and interventional strategies. KEY WORDS Needle stick injury, post exposure prophylaxis.Publication Post-Operative Drop in Hemoglobin and Need of Blood Transfusion in Cesarean Section at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital(Kathmandu University, 2013) Singh, B; Adhikari, N; Ghimire, S; Dhital, SABSTRACT Background Cesarean section has been identified as one of the commonest indication for blood transfusion in obstetric practice because it involves risk of major intra-operative blood loss. Different figures varying from less than 500 ml to more than 1000 ml have been quoted as estimated blood loss associated with caesarean section. There is also a wide variation in blood ordering practices for this surgery. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the blood ordering practice and transfusion for cesarean sections at our institute, to see post-operative drop in hemoglobin and hematocrit and to correlate those parameters with the duration between uterine incision and repair. Methods In this prospective observational study, non-randomised purposive sample was taken from 121 ladies who underwent elective and emergency cesarean section at the department of obstetrics of Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. Post-cesarean drop in hemoglobin and hematocrit and their relation with duration of uterine manipulation was calculated. Cross-match to transfusion (C/T ratio) ratio, transfusion probability (%T) and transfusion index (Ti) were also calculated. Results Most frequent blood group was found to be O positive (38%) among those ladies. Average post-cesarean drop in hemoglobin was 1.52±1.27 gm/dl and drop in haematocrit was 5.49±4.1%. Post-operative drop in hemoglobin and haematocrit had weak and positive linear relation with duration between uterine incision and repair. Cross-match to transfusion ratio was 1, transfusion probability 100% and transfusion index was 2. Conclusion There is no need of routine cross-matching of blood for cesarean section. Only grouping with confirmation of availability should be done for emergency situation. KEY WORDS Blood transfusion, cesarean Section, drop in hemoglobinPublication Profile of trauma related mortality at Manipal(Kathmandu University, 2008) Singh, B; Palimar, V; Arun, M; Mohanty, MKAbstract Background: the main objective of the present study is to analyse the pattern of death related to trauma/injuries at Manipal in Udupi district, Karnataka state, India. Material and methods: Retrospective data (January 2001 to December 2003) were collected from autopsy reports maintained in the department of forensic medicine, and the inquest reports from the police. Out of the total (n=470) autopsies, 344 victims had traumatic fatality. The demographic data, type of trauma, duration of survival, body areas involved was recorded. Results: 470 autopsies were performed during the period of study. Of these 344 (73%) were traumatic fatalities. Males were preponderant (71%). More than half of the victims were between 1-40 years. The youth age of 21-30 years were affected maximum due to all type of trauma except for falls and assault in this area of the country (India). The leading type of trauma was Road Traf c Accident (RTA) (52%) followed by burn (24%). Females were predominant with 74% in trauma due to burns. In majority of cases where the death was reported in the hospital, among them more than 50% of victims were survived in hospital for more than 24 hours. The victims those expired within 3 hours were in majority from RTA and those who survived for more than 24 hours were in majority from burns. Majority (258) of the victims had head injuries followed by thoracic injuries (169), and abdomen (125). Twenty four percent of the victims died on the spot or before reaching hospital. Conclusion: In this area of the country the trauma due to RTA is a leading cause of death among the traumatic death followed by burns. Keywords: Trauma, Road Traf c Accident, Death Related Trauma, BurnPublication Trends of acute poisoning in south Karnataka(Kathmandu University, 2005) Unnikrishnan, B; Singh, B; Rajeev, ABackground: In recent times poisoning with agricultural chemicals either accidental or suicidal has become common due to easy availability and low cost. So it has become essential to find out the burden of poisoning to the victims, family and to hospital and morbidity and mortality among the victims. Aims: To determine the trends of poisoning along with various parameters such as mode of poisoning, type of poison used, outcome of the poisoning, the most vulnerable age group, occupation of the victim, and the marital status. Method: A 5 year retrospective study in which all the patients of acute poisoning admitted to Govt. Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore during the period from 1st Jan 1999 to 31st December 2003 were included. A total of 546 cases were admitted due to acute pois oning during the study period. Results: Three hundred and eighty (69.6%) males and one hundred and sixty six (30.4%) females were admitted to the hospital due to poisoning. Organophosphates were the most commonly used suicidal poison irrespective of age, sex and occupation of the victim. There were two hundred and thirty five cases of male suicidal poisoning and one hundred and twenty six female cases of suicidal poisoning. Majority of poisoning cases were seen in manual labourers. The increasing trend of poisoning was observed for the period of 1999 to 2003 except for the year of 2003. Conclusion: The study highlights about the problem of poisoning in the region. Since the majority of the victims of the poisoning are from low socio economic status. There is economic burden on the family members of the victim of poisoning as the earning member of the family becomes ill (for treatment), dies (loss of earning member) and also emotional setback and disturbance. Keywords: Poison, Organophosphates, manual labourers, suicide.