Browsing by Author "Sinha, R"
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Publication Effect of Sub-maximal Exercise Stress on Cold Pressor Pain: A Gender Based Study(Kathmandu University, 2013) Pokhrel, BR; Malik, SL; Ansari, AH; Paudel, BH; Sinha, R; Sinha, MABSTRACT Background Analgesic effect of exercise is a well established fact; however available reports are contradictory on gender differences in pain perception following exercise stress test. Objective The current study is prospectively designed to evaluate and compare the effect of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress on cold pressor pain in normal adult males and females. Method The experimental study design involved healthy adults (n= 41); females (n = 18) and males (n=23) aged between 18 to 25 years and included them into four sets of experiments: SET I (Control), “resting blood pressure, radial pulse and respiratory rate were recorded after 15 minutes of complete supine relaxation. SET II (Cold Pressor Pain Test): Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET III (Exercise Stress Test): Sub-maximal exercise of 70 to 75% of maximum predicted heart rate was given for 6 minutes. SET IV (Cold Pressor Pain Test immediately after Exercise Stress Test): At 0 minute of recovery again the pain parameters; Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET I, SET II were performed in order on the first day and SET III and SET IV on the second day to ensure only a single Cold Pressor Pain Test is performed in each day. Result The data (Mean ±SD) analysis showed significant increased in pain threshold (males: 14.36±10.6 Vs 21.47±13seconds, p<0.001, females: 14.1±11.5 Vs 23.81± 20.22 seconds, p<0.001) and pain tolerance time (males: 41.3±19.31Vs 54.1±21.7 seconds, p<0.001) in both sexes after 6 min of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress test with comparable age, BMI and baseline resting values of pain parameters and pulse rate and blood pressure. The percentage increment pain tolerance time following the exercise stress in female is higher than male (78.6 Vs 68.9%). Conclusion The result suggests that pain sensation decreases immediately after a brief period of exercise challenge irrespective of gender, and the analgesic effect of the acute bout of exercise in terms of pain tolerant time is more enhanced in females than males. KEY WORDS Analgesia, exercise, gender, pain tolerancePublication Effects of Momordica Charantia (Karela/bitterguord) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Taking Allopathic Drugs: A pilot study(Kathmandu University, 2021) Rauniyar, GP; Sinha, R; Chapagain, K; Maskey. R; Pandey, DRABSTRACT Background Momordica charantia is evoloving as supplementary therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animal studies reveal its anti-diabetic and lipid lowering property. However, clinical studies with human subjects are very few. Objective To find out the effects of Momordica charantia supplements on glycemic and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taking allopathic drugs. Method A comparative study was conducted in internal medicine department of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from July 2015 to May 2016 after ethical clearance. Twenty two uncomplicated type-2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. Group A patients were supplemented with allopathic drug (oral anti-diabetic agents) only and Group B with add on treatment of 200 ml juice of Momordica charantia along with allopathic drug daily for ninety days. Fasting, post prandial blood sugar and lipid profile levels were compared between baseline and ninety days post supplementation. Data was collected and entry was done in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 20.0, using independent t test with p < 0.05. Result Add on treatment with 200 ml of Momordica charantia along with anti-diabetic drug daily significantly reduced fasting (p= < 0.0001) and post prandial blood sugar (p=< 0.0001). Treatment with anti-diabetic drugs only reduced fasting (p = 0.0008) and post-prandial blood sugar but the reduction was not significant ((p =0.0001). There was improvement in lipid profile by both anti-diabetic drugs alone and Momordica charantia along with anti-diabetic drug, but it was not significant. Conclusion Add on treatment with 200 ml/day juice of Momordica charantia is effective in glycaemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as compared to the allopathic treatment alone. KEY WORDS Blood sugar, Momordica charantia, SupplementationPublication Variable Presentations of Sinonasal Polypoid Masses: A Tertiary Institution Experience(Kathmandu University, 2016) Dutta, M; Ghatak, S; Sen, I; Sinha, RABSTRACT Background Lesions of the sinonasal area are varied, but they mostly present as polypoid masses which require meticulous work-up to reach at the most probable diagnosis. Objective Analysis of polypoid sinonasal masses in terms of etiology, clinical presentations, brief demographic profile, clinico-histologic correlate where possible, and follow-up results. Method In this descriptive, longitudinal study, 198 patients with polypoid sinonasal masses attending the otolaryngology clinic of a tertiary teaching institute were selected using proper selection criteria and analyzed through a pre-set proforma and algorithm for a diagnostic work-up (that included histopathology where necessary). Result Common presentations were nasal obstruction (~89%), discharge (~70%) and hyposmia (~22%). Though nearly 87% was clinically benign and 8% indeterminate, therapeutic and diagnostic interventions (including histopathology) showed 91% truly benign, of which polyposis formed the bulk. Sensitivity of clinical detection was 75% for benign lesions and 62% for malignancies. Diagnosis depended on histopathology in 52.52% cases, including the clinically malignant, the “grey zone”, and more than 40% of the clinically benign lesions. There was male predilection (2.16 for benign lesions and 1.57 for malignant), rural preponderance, and above 60% of the patients were within 50-70 years. There was ~26% recurrence in the follow-up period of a minimum of one year, predominantly in polyposis (29.55%) and malignancies (~39%). Conclusion Presentations of polypoid sinonasal masses are variable, etiology of which is mostly benign. Proper clinico-histologic correlate is necessary for correct diagnosis. A low threshold of suspicion is required because of this variability, necessitating follow-up for further evaluation. KEY WORDS Histopathology, nasal obstruction, polypoid mass, presentation, sinonasal