Browsing by Author "Subedi, Raj Kumar"
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Publication Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Attending a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) BC, Bom; Jaiswal, Raj Kishwor; Gupta, Prashant Kumar; Paudel, Rajan; Subedi, Raj KumarAbstract: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is fatty infiltration of the liver in the absence of other causes of steatosis. It is strongly associated with central adiposity, high body mass index, insulin resistance states, hypertension, hyperlipidemia which are features of metabolic syndrome. The objective of study is to find out the carotid intima-media thickness of non alcoholic fatty liver disease patients attending a tertiary care center. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital from July 2018 to June 2019 among 70 diagnosed cases of non alcoholic fatty liver disease based on ultrasound findings. Data collection was started after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Board of the Institute. Convenience sampling method was used. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel. The carotid intima-media thickness of both sides were measured by ultrasound. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. Results: Out of 70 cases, the mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.7140±0.1796mm on right and 0.7161±0.1828mm on left side. Among 70 cases 45 (64.3%) were Grade II non alcoholic fatty liver disease and 25 (35.7%) were Grade I. It was 0.5720±0.1275mm and 0.7929±0.1546mm in Grade I and II non alcoholic fatty liver disease cases respectively on right side whereas it was 0.5676±0.1259mm and 0.7987±0.1557mm respectively on left side. Conclusions: This study showed increased carotid intima-media thickness in non alcoholic fatty liver disease cases.Publication Empowerment of School Adolescents for Prevention of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment: Application of an Integrated Experiential Learning Package(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Thapa, Rita; Subedi, Raj Kumar; Pun, Bindu; Chand, Sunita Kumari; Thakur, Dip Narayan; Thapaliya, Radhika; Karki, Sarita; Regmi, Gorakh; Pandey, VikrantBackground: The prevalence of gender discrimination and sexual harassment/ violence among children is alarmingly high in Nepal. This study aimed to measure aggregate changes in knowledge, attitude, and skills among school adolescents on gender discrimination; sexual harassment, mindfulness of breathing; and self-defense skills, with application of an integrative experiential learning modules. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among 3661 students from 8-9 grades (1880 intervention and 1781 control) in 52 community schools across the seven provinces. Pre- and post-intervention self-reported surveys were conducted among the intervention and control groups before and after intervention of 24 learning hours. We used a mixed two-way effects model to measure the changes in composite indices between pretest and posttest among both the groups. Results: We found statistically significant increment (P<0.0001) in knowledge, attitude and skills on gender norms, gender discrimination, sexual harassment, self-defense, reporting sexual harassment, legal measures and mindfulness of breathing technique among the intervention group compared to that in the control group. Conclusions: These findings, though measured immediately after the intervention, offer initial evidence that school adolescents could be empowered to prevent the risks of gender discrimination and sexual harassment. Keywords: Empowerment; gender discrimination; school-based intervention; sexual harassment; self-defense.Publication Spectrum of HRCT Chest Findings in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in Mid-Western Nepal: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2024) B. C., Bom; Khanal, Bipin; K. C., Achhita; Subedi, Raj Kumar; K. C., AnuprashAbstract: Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a pulmonary infection called as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest plays a crucial role in diagnosis, assessing the lung involvement with its severity in COVID-19. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of HRCT chest findings in lab-proven, real- time RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), the then COVID-19 patient treatment site in Lumbini province, from February 2021 to October 2021 among 78 RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients based on HRCT chest findings. Data collection was done after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of RAHS. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27. Results: Among 78 RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients, 51 were male and 27 were female, with a mean age of 51.28±14.35 years. HRCT chest showed ground glass opacities (GGO) in 74 (94.87%), followed by atelectatic band in 24 (30.77%), interlobular septal thickening in 22 (28.21%), consolidation in 20 (25.64%), GGO and consolidation in 17 (21.79%), crazy-paving pattern in 11 (14.1%), and other chest findings in 5 (6.41%) patients. Conclusion: The most common HRCT chest findings of COVID-19 were ground-glass opacities, while atelectatic band, interlobular septal thickening, consolidation, and crazy-paving pattern were other important findings. Thus, HRCT chest imaging is crucial for both diagnosing and assessing the severity of COVID-19 patients.