Journal Issue: Volume: 20, No 2, Issue 78, APRIL - JUNE, 2022
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
High Risk Pregnancy Detection and Management: Need of Present Day Obstetric Care
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Shrestha, A
NA
Correlation between Sonoelastography and Histopathological Findings in Evaluation of Chronic Renal Allograft Disease
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Bhandari, RM; Suwal, S; Chataut, D; Ansari, MA
ABSTRACT
Background
Non-invasive evaluation tool for allograft kidney is important to predict chronic
allograft dysfunction as it can be alternative to the invasive biopsy which is prone
to so many complications. Sonoelastography can assess the stiffness of the allograft
renal parenchyma, which is prone to undergo interstitial fibrosis.
Objective
To correlate sonoelastography with histopathology findings in the renal allografts.
Method
Sonoelastography was done in 60 renal allograft recipients prior to their biopsy
for various indications. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the patient
were also obtained. Histopathology reports were collected to determine Banff
score of interstitial fibrosis. Descriptive measurements (Mean ± standard deviation,
Frequencies, Proportions) were calculated. Correlations among the variables were
measured using Pearson’s correlation, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA.
Result
The mean strain index (SI) was lower in higher grades of fibrosis. There was significant
difference in mean SI (F=18.264; df= 2,57; p < 0.001) among the histological grades
of fibrosis. Also a significant difference in SI among mild and moderate (S.E. 0.27, p
value < 0.001), mild and severe (S.E. 0.213, p value < 0.001) as well as moderate and
severe fibrosis (S.E. 0.244, p value < 0.001) was seen. Significant correlation of eGFR
with SI (p < 0.001) was also seen.
Conclusion
Strain index, measured with sonoelastography, significantly correlated with different
grades of tissue fibrosis. Thus it can be used as alternative method for evaluation of
renal allograft patients to avoid complications of biopsy.
KEY WORDS
Allograft biopsy, Complications, Interstitial fibrosis, Renal allograft, Strain index
Knowledge, Attitude and Level of Involvement of Married Males in Family Planning
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Bag, NI; Sahu, M; Paul, B; Das, R; Bandyopadhyay, L; Bhattacharyya, M; Maity, S
ABSTRACT
Background
There is an age-old notion that family planning is women’s responsibility disregarding
the fact that men have equal responsibility in fertility regulation. Although male
involvement is getting more recognition, studies on men’s role in family planning are
very few in the number in this part of the world.
Objective
To assess the knowledge, attitude and level of male involvement in family planning
and to find out the factors associated with male involvement by contraceptive usage.
Method
A community based cross-sectional study was done from May to July 2021 among
165 currently married male, who had at least one child, living in Singur district of
West Bengal. Cluster sampling method was done to select study participants and
data were collected by pre-designed pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics,
multivariable logistic regression was applied and data were analysed applying SPSS
software.
Result
Only 36.4% participants were directly involved in family planning either by using
condom or by withdrawal method but 65.5% participants were indirectly involved in
family planning through spousal communication either by approving contraceptive
use to their spouse or by decision making regarding family planning. Moreover, barrier
of contraceptives usage were side effect (27%) and fear of impotence (25.5%). Male
involvement was significantly associated with participant’s education [AOR (95% CI=
3.63 (1.45-9.05)], caste [AOR (95% CI= 7.06 (2.55-19.51)], number of living children
[AOR (95%CI= 5.01(1.95-12.87)], desire for more child [AOR (95% CI=0.34 (.13-.87)]
and attitude on family planning [AOR (95% CI= 3.55 (1.41-8.94)].
Conclusion
This study identified the prevailing gender norms in rural areas. Advocacy for male
involvement in family planning by health personnel during counselling of eligible
couples should help in increasing contraceptive coverage in the long run.
KEY WORDS
Contraception, Decision making, Family planning, Male involvement, Rural
community, Spousal communication
Radiographic Study of Distal Radius Parameters in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Shrestha, S; Mansur, DI; Shrestha, R; Karki, S; Maskey, S; Malla, M; Basi, A; Khadka, SK
ABSTRACT
Background
The important morphological parameters of distal radius namely palmar tilt, radial
inclination, radial height and ulnar variance are consequential in the evaluation and
management of the distal radius fracture, distal radius plate design and kinesiology.
Correction of these parameters in anatomical alignment is important to restore the
normal biomechanics of the wrist joint.
Objective
To ascertain the distal radius parameters in the patients attending tertiary care
hospital with regard to gender and age.
Method
The wrist radiographs (postero-anterior and lateral views) of 125 patients, from
16 to above 60 years of age were used to determine the four parameters of distal
radius. The subjects were divided into gender and three different age groups (16-36
years, 37-57 years and > 57 years). Independent t-test and ANOVA test was used for
statistical analysis with level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Result
The mean palmar tilt was 15.69 ± 4.84° (p-value = 0.40). The mean radial inclination
was 22.58 ± 2.82° (p-value = 0.88). The mean value of radial height was 10.31 ± 1.59
mm (p-value= 0.001). Positive ulnar variance were recorded in maximum of subjects
(46.40%) and the least was neutral (16.80%).
Conclusion
The distal radius parameters of our population were similar to the Orthopedic
Trauma Association standard reference value. And there was significant difference in
radial height between males and females.
KEY WORDS
Distal radius, Palmar tilt, Radial height, Radial inclination, Ulnar variance
Knowledge of Stroke among Hypertensive Patients in Dhulikhel
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Nepal, GM; Chand, P; Poudel, K; Acharya, SR
ABSTRACT
Background
More than 50% of patients with stroke have hypertension, a common modifiable risk
factor for stroke. Studies reported that 90% of diagnosed hypertensive patients do
not seek for treatment in Nepal and the reason for this remains unexplored. There
is a possibility that lack of knowledge of stroke and its potential causes may be the
reason.
Objective
To assess the knowledge of stroke in a group of patients with hypertension in
suburban Nepal.
Method
Hypertensive patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Nepal were approached
and were included if they were 18 years or older. We used the Nepali version of
‘Awareness of Stroke, Risk Factors, and Treatment’ questionnaire to assess the
knowledge of stroke. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.
Result
A total of 273 patients were included with the mean age of 56 years. Almost half
(48%) of the patients were uneducated. We found that only 24% of the patients
identified brain as an organ affected by stroke, only 32% were aware about more
than one warning signs of stroke, 64% reported that they were unaware of the
treatment options for stroke and only 5% reported control of blood pressure as a
part of stroke management. The commonest reported identifiable risk factor for
hypertension was high blood pressure (44%).
Conclusion
There are significant knowledge gaps regarding stroke in hypertensive patients.
Although most patients recognized hypertension as a risk factor for stroke, they were
unaware of treatment options. Increasing awareness of hypertension as a risk factor
for stroke may help to prevent the stroke burden in Nepal.
KEY WORDS
Awareness, Hypertension, Knowledge, Stroke