Journal Issue: Volume: 57 No. 218 (2019) July-August
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Volume
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2019
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Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
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Articles
Prevalence of Leptoprosopic type of Face among Dental Students
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Shrestha, Ritee; Shrestha, Nitee; Upadhyay, Hari Prasad
Abstract
Introduction: Facial index is useful for anatomists, forensic scientists and plastic surgeons during treatment of congenital and traumatic deformities, identification of individuals in medico-legal cases and identifying craniofacial deformities and they help us in distinguishing one person from another. Very few researchers from Nepal have worked on these facial features with respect to population and environment. The study aims to find the prevalence of leptoprosopic type of face among dental students of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 173 dental students of age group 17-25 years in the Department of Anatomy, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Basundhara, Kathmandu from September to December 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee of the institution and convenience sampling was done. The facial parameters include facial height, facial width which was measured using Digital Vernier Caliper and Sliding Caliper respectively. The face was classified into three different types based on the value of facial index, according to Bannister Classification. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: Prevalence of leptoprosopic type of face was 70 (40.46%) [40.39-40.53 at 95%CI]. Among these, 37 (21.39%) were males and 33 (19.07%) were females. Leptoprosopic was most common which was followed by hyperleptoprosopic in 64 (36.99%), mesoprosopic in 26 (15.03%), euryprosopic in 12 (6.94%) and hypereuryprosopic facial types in 1 (0.58%). All three facial parameters including facial height, facial width and facial index were greater in male than in female.
Conclusions: This study concludes that the leptoprosopic face was most common followed by hyperleptoprosopic, mesoprosopic, europrosopic and hypereuroprosopic type of face.
Keywords: facial height; facial index; facial width; leptoprosopic.
Prevalence of Type I Lip Print among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Gurung, Sharmila; Gupta, Vijay; Lamichhane, Anita
Abstract
Introduction: Lip prints, due to their unique patterns are typical to an individual, hence, used for personal identification. They vary in predominance, gender and race among different populations. The objective is to study their distribution among medical students and identify the predominant type.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, from April 2019 to May 2019 after the ethical approval. Convenience sampling was used. The prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The collected data was entered in SPSS to determine the frequency and percentage. Sub group analysis was done on basis of gender and types of lip print.
Results: Out of 205 participants, prevalence of type I lip print among medical students is 70 (34.1%). Type I lip print was found to be most common followed by Type II in 57 (27.8%) and Type V in 6 (2.9%). One hundred forty one (68.8%) were male and 64 (31.2%) were female. The predominating pattern in RUQ; LUQ; LLQ; RLQ among male and female is Type I 46 (32.6%) and Type I 39 (27.7%); Type II 39 (27.7%) and Type II 44 (31.2%); Type I 19 (29.7%) and Type II 19 (29.7%); Type I 31 (48.4%)and Type I 27 (42.2%) respectively.
Conclusions: Type I was the most common while Type V was the least common lip print. However, there was variation in its frequency and distribution according to the quadrant and sex.
Keywords: cheiloscopy; forensic odontology; lip prints; personal identification.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Adult Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Rai, Chandra Kala; Shrestha, Biju; Sapkota, Jyotshna; Das, Jay Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: The deficiency of vitamin D is major public health problem worldwide. It is deficiency of vitamin D level when blood serum which is below 30ng/ml. The deficiency is associated with various musculoskeletal diseases and autoimmune diseases. The early detection of deficiency plays important role to prevent those diseases. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, from 1st August 2017 to 31st December 2018 after ethical clearance from institutional review committee with registration number 02082017. Simple random sampling was done. Data was collected and entered in statistical package for social sciences. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of total patients, vitamin D deficiency was found among 283 (73.6%) patients at 95% of CI (68.6-78.6). Out of total female patients, 202 (52.61%) were deficient and out of total male patients, 81 (21.08%) were deficient. The mean age±SD of patients was 41.45±16.016 years.
Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high compared to previous studies. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be higher in females than males.
Keywords: prevalence; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency.
Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in A Tertiary Care Hospital
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Dibas Khadka; Binod Karki; Suresh Thapa; Ajit Khanal; Ramila Shrestha; Shital Bhandary; Bidhan Nidhi Paudel
Abstract
Introduction: Cirrhosis of liver is a progressively deteriorating disease. Medical management consist of treatment and prevention of complications. Nutritional intervention to improve nutritional status of the malnourished patient has favorable impact on prognosis. Traditional measures of nutritional assessment like Body Mass Index and waist circumference are inaccurate. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The study included 60 cirrhotic patients from outpatient department. Subjective Global Assessment was performed for all participants and level of malnutrition recorded. Height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index were measured and recorded.
Results: Among the cirrhotic patients, malnutrition was detected in 46 (76.66%) [68.38 to 85.94 at Confidence Interval 95%]. Out of 46 patients who were malnourished, 20 (43.47%) had mild to moderate malnutrition whereas 26 (56.53%) had severe malnutrition. The most common cause of cirrhosis was alcohol. The mean body mass index and mean waist circumference were within normal limits.
Conclusions: Malnutrition is very common among cirrhotic patients and its prevalence increased from Child A to Child C status.
Keywords: cirrhosis; malnutrition; nutritional assessment.
Prevalence of Bilateral Asymmetry of Tibial Bones Length in MBBS Students of A Medical College
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Shrestha, Iju; Malla, Banshi Krishna
Abstract
Introduction: A wide variability of bilateral asymmetry in human has been observed within the population. However sufficient attention has not been given to the difference present in the limbs especially the tibial bones. It is generally assumed that the both limbs of the individual are with insignificant differences. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of bilateral asymmetry of the tibial bone length of the same individual and distribution in between the two genders.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 students of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital after obtaining ethical approval. Simple Random Sampling technique was used. The right and the left tibial length were recorded for different genders
Results: Bilateral asymmetry in the tibial bone length was observed in 66 (44%) [41.58%- 46.42% at 95% CI] of the subjects which was recorded more in males 98 (65.15%) than in females. The minimum and maximum differences between the tibial length present was 0.1mm and 0.8 mm respectively with a mean of 0.2136 mm. Among the three age groups, tibial length asymmetry was observed highest 67 (45.56%) in Group B (20-22 years). Asymmetry in length was seen more in the right tibia with male preponderance over female.
Conclusions: Asymmetry in the tibial bones length should be given proper attention and proper diagnosis and treatment of leg discrepancies should be done.
Keywords: bilateral asymmetry; tibial length.