Journal Issue: Vol. 62 No. 276 (2024) August
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Violence in Healthcare: Legal Measures, Systemic Challenges, and Collective Accountability
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Ashis
Pattern of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Head and Neck Swelling in Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Bhattarai, Soorya; Sedhain, Sapana; Kafle, Neeta; Sinha, Amrita
Abstract
Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, rapid, cost-effective method in diagnosis of head and neck swelling with minimal risk of complications. Head and neck swellings include a broad spectrum of diseases with different management for each. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a suitable and useful method for assessment of these swelling. This study was done with the objective to study the frequency and distribution of various head and neck lesions detected by fine needle aspiration cytology.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care center from February 1 to July 31, 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: IRC-PA-191/2078-79). All the patients presenting with head and neck swelling during the study period were included in this study. Total sampling was done. Fine needle aspiration was done and cytological diagnosis was made. Descriptive analysis was done where frequency and percentage were calculated.
Results: Out of 112 cases included in the study, 43 (38.40%) were of lymph nodes, 36 (32.14%) of thyroid, 22 (19.64%) of skin and soft tissue and 11 (9.82%) of salivary glands. Among the lymph nodes cases, there were 11 (25.57%) metastases. In thyroid lesions, beingn lesions were seen in 24 (66.68%).
Conclusions: This study found that lymph nodes were the most common site for head and neck swellings, frequently involving metastatic lesions.
Postoperative Pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Binod Bade; Lakhe, Gajal; Ghimire, Pradeep
Abstract
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, being minimally invasive, is widely accepted in comparison to open cholecystectomy. The major benefits are small incision, less wound pain, rapid recovery, shorter hospital stay and earlier return to activities. Although, trauma and injury are limited in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; it is not a pain free surgery. Hence, we aimed to find the prevalence of pain at wound site after laparoscopic cholecystectomy at various time intervals in post-operative period.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 patients who belonged to American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I & II patients, with diagnosis of symptomatic gallstone disease from October, 2022 to September, 2023 in a tertiary care hospital after ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (Reference number: MEMG/483/IRC). Total sampling was done in this study. The post-operative pain at wound site was measured at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences 21.0.
Results: At 12 hours postoperatively, 2 (1.60%) patients complained of severe pain, 120 (96%) patients reported moderate pain and 3 (2.40%) patients expressed their pain as being mild. Likewise, at 24, 36 and 48 hours postoperatively, none of the patients suffered from severe pain. At 24 hours post-operative, 105 (84%) patients reported moderate pain which gradually declined over 48 hours. At 36 and 48 hours post-operative mild pain was reported by 85 (68%) and 117 (93.60%) patients. The moderate pain was complained by 40 (32%) and 8 (6.40%) patients.
Conclusions: The majority of patients suffered from mild to moderate pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the intensity of which decreased over 48 hours.
Anthropometric Measurements of Foot in Undergraduate Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Pandey, Niraj; Chaudhary, Deepak; Yadav, Sanjay Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Anthropometry is one of the important parameters for differentiation of sex which varies significantly based on hereditary, geographical, racial, sexual, and other factors. This study was done to provide baseline foot anthropometric data for Nepali medical students to improve the accuracy of stature estimations and enhance forensic and clinical applications. The aim of the study was to calculate anthropometric measurements of foot in undergraduate medical students of a medical college.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students studying at a tertiary care hospital during the period of November 6, 2022 to February 28, 2023 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 06/2022). A total population sampling method was used. The present study was conducted to determine the mean foot index from the right and left foot, mean measurements of the left and right foot, and sex-related dimensions of the foot in Nepalese medical students. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Out of 115 participants, the mean foot index for male and female were 38.34±2.13 and 39.33±2.22 respectively. The mean length of the right foot for males and females were 24.12±0.98 cm and 22.10±1.25 cm respectively. The mean length of the left foot for males and females was 24.20±1.06 cm and 22.07±1.24 cm respectively.
Conclusions: This study provides mean values of different measurements of the right and left foot of both sexes of the age group of 18-24 years in the students of a medical college.