Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 266 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Obstetric Cholestasis among Pregnant Women Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Yadav, Indra; Yadav, Siddhartha Kumar; Pradhan, Tarun; Yadav, Anika; Jyoti, Sabita; Yadav, Rozy
Abstract
Introduction: Obstetric cholestasis is one of the most frequent hepatic disorders specific to pregnancy. It occurs commonly during the latter half of pregnancy. The data regarding this issue is rare in our settings. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among pregnant women visiting a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women, who attended a tertiary care centre from 24 July 2022 to 24 January 2023. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 99% Confidence Interval.
Results: The prevalence of obstetric cholestasis was 80 (1.38%) (1-1.80, 99% Confidence Interval). A total of 40 (50%) were in the age group 21-30 years, with a mean age of 28.06±6.39 years. A total of 48 (60%) were multigravida and 73 (91.30%) had singleton pregnancies. Pruritus of the whole body was complained of by 56 (70%) patients. Previous history of obstetric cholestasis was present in 21 (26.30%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among pregnant women is lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Poisoning among Children Visiting the Paediatric Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Devkota, Askal; Adhikari, Santosh; B.K, Raj Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Poisoning occurs when substances are ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin contact in quantities that are harmful to the body. Knowledge of the pattern and prevalence of paediatric poisoning will help us quantify the burden of poisoning. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of poisoning among children visiting the Paediatric Emergency Department in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children visiting the Paediatric Emergency Department in a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 was collected between 15 April 2022 to 25 April 2022 from medical records. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Children aged 0 to 14 years old were included in the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 12,488 children, 162 (1.30%) (1.10-1.50, 95% Confidence Interval) had poisoning. Pesticides and insecticides were the most common agents involved in poisoning 39 (24.07%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of poisoning was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Dyslipidemia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Khadka, Bikram; Pandey, Sundar; Kafle, Deepak
Abstract
Introduction: A triad of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism is known as dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 18 February 2020 to 18 August 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee. Demographic and blood samples were analysed and recorded using validated and calibrated tools. A convenience sampling technique was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Out of 390 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 343 (87.95%) (84.72-91.18, 95% Confidence Interval) had dyslipidemia. The most prevalent dyslipidemia was high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 85 (24.78%) followed by mixed dyslipidemia at 305 (88.92%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be higher than studies conducted in similar settings. We recommend regular testing of blood glucose and blood lipid levels for early detection of dyslipidemia and putting them under medical supervision to reduce the unwanted complications of cardiovascular diseases.
Fissured Tongue among Patients Visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Bali, Harleen; Adhikari, Sagar; Upadhyaya, Chandan; Poudel, Pratibha; Adhikari, Bhoj Raj; Pandit, Sanju; Sapkota, Sneha
Abstract
Introduction: Examination of the tongue and knowledge of its variation can aid clinicians in correctly assessing the cause of a patient’s complaint. Despite World Health Organization recommendations to encourage more epidemiological assessment of oral mucosal variations and lesions, the volume of literature in this area is limited. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of fissured tongues among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a tertiary care centre. Data was collected from 12 March 2023 to 10 May 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the same institute. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Out of 540 patients, the prevalence of fissured tongue was 73 (13.51%) (10.63-16.40, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 34 (46.57%) were males and 39 (53.42%) were females.
Conclusions: The prevalence of fissured tongue among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology was higher than other studies done in similar settings.
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury among Patients Admitted to the Spine Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Gautam, Samaj; Rijal, Badri; Sharma, Laxmi Kanta
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury usually results in disabling conditions. The incidence of spinal trauma is region-specific due to unique geography and demography. The epidemiology of spinal trauma changes with economic and social factors even in different periods. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury among patients admitted to the Spine Unit in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care centre among patients admitted to the Spine Unit from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Demographic details, mode of injury, level of injuries, neurological grading at the time of admission using American Spinal Injury Association grading, management methods, and complication if any were recorded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Out of 465 patients, the prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury was 316 (67.95%) (63.72-72.20, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 243 (76.89%) cases were due to falls. The mean age of patients was 43.13±16.55 years.
Conclusions: The prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury patients was lower than the other studies done in similar settings.