Journal Issue: Volume: 58 No. 221, January (2020)
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Volume
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Issue Date
2020
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Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Prevalence of Postpartum Family Planning Service Coverage in Selected Referral Facilities of Nepal
(Nepal Medical Association, 2020) Thapa, Kusum; Dhital, Rolina; Rajbhandari, Sameena; Thapa, Shikha; Pokhrel, Sabina; Mishra, Sangeeta; Subedi, Shanti; Singh, Dela; Acharya, Shreedhar; Pokhrel, Sunil Mani; Thapa, Kalpana; Poudel, Atit; Vaidya, Sapana; Tunnacliffe, Emily†Anne; Makins, Anita; Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam
Abstract
Introduction: Nepal Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists jointly with the Nepalese government and with the support from the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology has implemented an initiative to institutionalize postpartum family planning services in selected major referral facilities of Nepal to address the gap of low uptake of postpartum family planning in Nepal. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of the service coverage of postpartum contraception in the selected facilities.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in seven major referral facilities across Nepal. Data were collected from the hospital records of all women who delivered in these facilities between October 2018 and March 2019. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.
Results: Among the 29,072 deliveries from all the facilities, postpartum family planning counseling coverage was 27,301 (93.9%). The prevalence of uptake of Postpartum Intrauterine Device is 1581 (5.4%) and female sterilization is 1830 (6.3%). In total 11387 mothers (52.2%) had the intention to choose a postpartum family planning method. However, 36% of mothers neither used nor had the intention to choose a postpartum family planning method.
Conclusions: The coverage of Postpartum Intrauterine Device counseling service coverage in Nepal is higher in 2018 as compared to 2016-2017 and in other countries implementing Postpartum Intrauterine Device initiatives. However, the prevalence of service coverage of immediate Postpartum Family Planning methods, mainly Postpartum Intrauterine Device in 2018 is lower in Nepal as compared to 2016-2017, and other countries implementing Postpartum Intrauterine Device initiative. More efforts are needed to encourage mothers delivering in the facilities to use the postpartum family planning method.
Keywords: family planning services; female sterilization; intrauterine devices; postpartum period.
Prevalence of Operated Facial Injury in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Tertiary Hospital
(Nepal Medical Association, 2020) Dhungel, Safal; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Maxillofacial injury is one of the commonest causes of surgery performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Socioeconomic conditions, cultural variation, age, and gender affect the etiology of the injury. The study is aimed to find the prevalence of facial injury that is operated by the oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, a tertiary hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using the chart from the hospital registry for the patient being operated under general anesthesia from April 1, 2017, to March 2019. Simple random sampling was done using computer-generated random numbers. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital. The Data for the reason for surgery, age, age groups etiology, and tissue involvement were analyzed using
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.
Results: Facial injury occupies 378 (71.59%) of the total operation performed by Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon in a tertiary hospital. Soft tissue 196 (52.85%) and facial bone fracture 182 (48.15%) is distributed among the facial injuries. Young adults are commonly affected, and the road traffic accident is the major cause of facial trauma.
Conclusions: Facial injury-related surgeries are more prevalent in the tertiary hospital of Bharatpur.
Keywords: facial injuries; maxillofacial injuries; prevalence; trauma.
Prevalence of E. Coli in Urinary Tract Infection of Children Aged 1-15 Years in A Medical College of Eastern Nepal
(Nepal Medical Association, 2020) Giri, Arun; Kafle, Raju; Singh, Ganesh Kumar; Niraula, Niraj
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest causes of childhood morbidity. Early diagnosis and appropriate choice of antimicrobials is essential. Hence, this study aims to identify the prevalence of Escherichia coli in childhood urinary tract infections.
Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar over a period of one year. A total of 163 cases aged 1-15 years were included and clinical profile, laboratory reports including bacterial isolates in urine cultures and their sensitivity patterns were documented.
Results: The prevalence of Escherichia coli is 45 (53.57%) C.I. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated in bacterial cultures followed by Klebsiella 12 (14.29%), Enterococcus 10 (11.90%). Urinary tract infection was common among females with male: female ratio of 1:2.3. Fever 152 (93.2%) and abdominal pain 113 (69.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Escherichia coli was found most sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 43 (95.5%) followed by Ciprofloxacin 41 (91.1%) and Amikacin 40 (88.8%).
Conclusions: Urinary tract infections in childhood require prompt attention and treatment to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. From this study it can be concluded that Escherichia coli is one of the most common isolates in urine culture and Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones can be accepted as empirical treatment regimens for childhood Urinary tract infections.
Keywords: antibiotic sensitivity;urinary tract infection; urine culture.
Satisfaction Level among Patients Treated with Fixed Dental Prosthesis in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2020) Shrestha, Lajana; Dahal, Sirjana; Pradhan, Dilesh; Lohani, Junu
Abstract
Introduction: Dental treatment aims at correction of existing disease; prevention of future disease with rehabilitation of patient’s lost functional capacity and aesthetics. Fixed dental prosthesis is any prosthesis that is cemented to a natural tooth or dental implants abutments that cannot be removed by patient. The success of prosthodontic treatment is related to prosthesis survival, with its ability to fulfil biologic and patient-evaluated objectives with patient satisfaction. This study is aimed to find the patient satisfaction with fixed prosthodontic treatment.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital among 102 patients rehabilitated with fixed dental prosthesis from August to September 2019 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. (IRC No. 1207201918). Convenience sampling was done. The questionnaire assessed patient’s satisfaction of fixed prosthesis on the basis of appearance, chewing ability, cleansibility, speech and awareness of oral hygiene measures for cleaning of the prosthesis. Data entry was done in Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version 20.0, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The majority of the patients 87 (85.3%) were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis, at 95% confidence interval (93.5- 81%). Eighty one (79.4%) were satisfied with their chewing ability; 99 (97.1%) satisfied with their speech, 78 (76.4%) satisfied with appearance of fixed prosthesis. Ninety eight patients (96.1%) were aware of oral hygiene measures, out of which only 66 (67.3%) used interdental aids for cleaning of their fixed prosthesis.
Conclusions: Several factors (chewing ability, appearance, speech, cleansibility of fixed prosthesis) had positive impact on overall satisfaction in majority of the patients. Dentists should continue to emphasise on the significance of maintaining good oral hygiene and use of interdental aids for the longevity of fixed prosthesis.
Keywords: dental prosthesis; interdental aids; satisfaction.
Prevalence of Self Medication Practice among Dental Undergraduates in a Dental college
(Nepal Medical Association, 2020) Shrestha, Aastha; Madhikarmi, Nirjala Laxmi
Abstract
Introduction: Self-medication practice among future prescribers can cause a serious threat to the health care profession. There has been an increasing trend among medical and dental students for self-medication. The objective of our study was to find the prevalence and practice of self-medication among dental undergraduates in Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the dental undergraduate students of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, from July to September 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board. A convenience sampling method was used. A prevalidated questionnaire was handed to the students in their classroom to collect the data. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 and Microsoft Excel 2010 and presented as frequency and percentage.
Results: The prevalence of self-medication among dental undergraduates was found to be in 150 (83.3%) out of a total of 180 students who participated in the study.
Conclusions: Self-medication was commonly practiced by dental students. Self-medication should be considered as a serious threat, especially among the students with inadequate knowledge of drug, dose, and duration of treatment.
Keywords: dental students; prevalence; self medication; undergraduate.