Journal Issue: Volume 16, No 1, Issue 61 JAN.-MARCH, 2018
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Growth and Development of Vascular Surgery in Community Based Hospital of Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2018) Thermann, Florian
NA
Diagnostic and Treatment Delays among the Tuberculosis Patients in the Urban Area of Western Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2018) KC, A; KC, R; Sharma, I
ABSTRACT
Background
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is vital for health system to identify, treat
patients as early as possible and to reduce frequency of new cases of a disease
among the contacts of known cases.
Objective
To determine the diagnostic and treatment delay in the urban population of the
western, Nepal and factors associated to it.
Method
An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban area of Western
Nepal. Category I 142 TB patients aged over 15 years visiting DOTs centre during
period of three months were included in study. Interview schedule was designed to
elicit information on socio- demographic characteristics and history of symptoms.
Diagnostic and treatment delay was calculated, chi square test was applied to find
associations and non – parametric tests (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H
test) for evaluating group differences.
Result
Out of 142 TB clients, mean age was 38.12 years. Majority (58%) were males. Around
44% belong to upper, 30% middle and 26% lower economic class. Study showed
median diagnostic delay 34 days (Q3=68 Days, Q1=19 Days), treatment delay less than
a day (Q3=1 Day, Q1=0 Day) and total delay 33.50 days (Q3=71 Days, Q1=19 Days).
Smear positive patients had significantly higher risk of diagnostic delay compared to
negative (OR=2.18. P=0.035). However, no significant associations found between
socio-economic/demographic classes with delay. Median delays was more amongst
married (Q3=86 Days, Median =72 days, Q1=24 Days compared to single/separated
(Q3=74 Days, Median =57 days, Q1=15 Days) and other socio-demographic variables
had no significant differences.
Conclusion
Delay in diagnosis and treatment in Urban region of Western, Nepal was shorter
compared to other places in Nepal and neighboring countries. Shorter delay for
smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis raises doubt that cases are not examined
according to the national TB control programs manual.
KEY WORDS
Diagnostic delay, DOTS, Treatment delay, Tuberculosis
Ethnic Variations of Blood Groups in a Medical College of Eastern Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2018) Niroula, DR; Jha, MK; Limbu, P; Pokhre, I; Yadav, SK; Mukhopadhyay, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Red blood cells contain antigens in its membrane which are inherited according
to Mendelian law. ABO and Rhesus blood group systems are considered the most
important blood group systems for clinical procedures, blood transfusion, organ
transplantation, anthropological study and medico-legal purposes. Determination
of ABO and Rhesus blood groups and its frequency distribution in a multiethnic
country like Nepal is important for effective management of blood banks, safe blood
transfusion services. The trend of blood groups and its ethnic distributions in the
eastern part of Nepal is still unknown.
Objective
To find the distribution of blood groups among the subjects of different ethnic groups
of eastern Nepal.
Method
A cross-sectional perspective study was carried out among the subjects visited in the
laboratory of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal for a period of one year from
August 1, 2015 to July 30, 2016.
Result
The 11,960 subjects were included in the present study, among which 5012 were
males and 6948 were females. The study revealed that in ABO system, blood group
distribution was 34.80% O, 28.66% A, 27.66% B and 6.89% AB. With regard to Rh
blood group system, Rhesus +ve was 96.79% and Rhesus –ve was 3.21%. O blood
group dominant ethnic groups were Brahmin, Bhujel, Biswakarma, Shah, Gurung,
Marwari, Magar, Mahato, Mandal, Newar, Sanyasi, Tamang, Terai Brahmin and
Yadav. Similarly, blood group A dominant ethnic groups were Chhetri, Dhimal, Limbu,
Rai and Muslim. Howerver, blood group B was dominant in ethnic groups, namely
Biswakarma, Rajput, Satar and Tharu.
Conclusion
The frequency distribution pattern of ABO blood group was observed as O > A>
B > AB and in Rhesus system, Rhesus +ve > Rhesus –ve. Variation in blood groups
distribution was observed in various ethnic groups.
KEY WORDS
ABO system, Blood group, Eastern Nepal, Ethnic group, Rhesus system
Anxiety on Primigravid Women Attending Antenatal Care: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
(Kathmandu University, 2018) Shrestha, S; Pun, KD
ABSTRACT
Background
High levels of anxiety during pregnancy have adverse effects on mother and baby.
Objective
To assess anxiety on primigravid women attending Antenatal Care.
Method
Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on the primigravid women attending
Antenatal Care out-patient department of Dhulikhel Hospital. Perinatal Anxiety
Screening Scale (PASS) was used to assess anxiety on 502 women. Data were collected
through face-to-face interview using Systematic Random Sampling Technique from
May 2017 to December 2017. Chi-square test was applied to test the association
between selected variables. All p- values less than 0.05 were considered statistically
significant.
Result
The mean (± Standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 23.17±3.9 years.
More than half (57.6%) of the women were from the age group 20-25 years. Just
above two-fifth (41.4%) of the participants were in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Out of 502 pregnant women, nearly half (46.4%) of them were at high risk of anxiety.
High risk of anxiety was significantly associated with age and type of family. However
significant associations were not seen between high risk of anxiety during pregnancy
and residence, educational status, occupation, husband’s occupation and gestational
period of women.
Conclusion
The high risk of anxiety on primigravid women was quite up. Anxiety during
pregnancy was more likely to fall on younger women (age <20 years) and joint
families in comparison to those women from age twenty and above and nuclear
families respectively.
KEY WORDS
Antenatal care, Anxiety, Primigravid women