Journal Issue: Volume: 57 No. 215 (2019) Jan-Feb
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Volume
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Issue Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Principles and Practice
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Shrestha, Badri Man
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Assessment of Palatal Plane and Occlusal Plane for Determining Anteroposterior Jaw Relation
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Pyakurel, Ujjwal; Thapaliya, Kamal Babu; Singh, Khushboo; Gupta, Alka; Gupta, Sujaya; Bajracharya, Manish; Shrestha, Rabindra Man; Mishra, Praveen
Abstract
Introduction: Sagittal jaw relationship is an important parameter for orthodontic treatment planning. Angular and linear measurements both have been proposed and used in orthodontic cephalometrics to assess the sagittal jaw relationships. However, angular measurement has been questioned over the years for its reliability as a result of changes in facial height, jaw inclination and the variable positions of Nasion. So, the objective of our study was to assess the linear anteroposterior jaw relation in a sample of Nepali population using occlusal (Wits appraisal) and palatal planes as reference lines.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the lateral cephalogram of 101 individuals visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Individuals with Class I skeletal relation were selected using convenience sampling method. Radiographs were standardised and traced. Occlusal and palatal planes were drawn that were bisected by the perpendicular lines from Point A and Point B. The linear distances between the intersections were measured to determine sagittal jaw relations.
Results: In Nepali individuals with normal ANB angle (3.05°±2.511°), the sagittal jaw relation with reference to occlusal (Wits appraisal) and palatal planes were found to be 0.203±3.343mm and 3.574±4.074mm respectively.
Conclusions: Various methods has been proposed and used to assess the sagittal jaw relation and each method has its own strength and limitations. So, it is well advised to use additional cephalometric analysis whenever possible before arriving at any diagnosis and treatment plans.
Keywords: ANB angle; Nepal; Palatal plane; Wits appraisal.
Practice of Breastfeeding and its Barriers among Women Working in Tertiary Level Hospitals
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Bhandari, Mukta Singh; Manandhar, Pratibha; Tamrakar, Dipesh
Abstract
Introduction: Breastfeeding provides ideal food for newborns and prevents recurrent infection and malnutrition in infants. In Nepal, breastfeeding is a universal practice but exclusive breastfeeding is low. As there is increased involvement of women in workforce, practice of breastfeeding may have been compromised. The main objective of the study was to examine the practice and barriers of breastfeeding among women working in tertiary level hospitals of Nepal.
Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were wom- en working in Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of both institutions. Total of 208 women were included in the study and face to face interview was conducted. Data entry and analysis was done using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS).
Results: Breastfeeding practice was universal and colostrum was fed by 195 (94%) women. Pre- lacteal feeding was given by 14 (7%) women and 119 (57%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Total of 93 (45%) children were exclusively breastfed for any duration while 10 (11%) were exclusively breastfed for six months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 14.57 months and 90 (43%) started complementary feeding before six months. Total of 97 (51%) women and 42 (47%) women stated work as barrier for not exclusively breastfeeding and early complementary feeding respectively.
Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was very low and children were breastfed for less than two years. Complementary feeding was also started earlier and work was stated as the main barrier for poor breastfeeding practice.
Keywords: Breastfeeding; Complementary feeding; Working women.
Respiratory Disorders Among Dust Exposed Workers
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) Singh, Suman Bahadur; Gautam, Swotantra; Bhatta, Narendra; Shrestha, Gambhir; Gautam, Rabin; Poudel, Sagar
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to dusts and hard physical work is common in developing industrialized countries. Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses are highly been reported from jute and textile industry. This study was undertaken to explore status of respiratory health among the workers of jute and textile industries.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 315 workers from each of textile and jute industry of Eastern Nepal. Almost all the workers were selected from the textile industry whereas those from dust prone areas of jute industry. Workers were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires. Measurement of height, weight and peak expiratory flow rate was done.
Results: Majority were non-smokers in both the industries 230 (73%) in Jute vs. 223 (70.8%) in Textile. Most of the workers had the working experience of less than five years; jute 134 (42.5%) vs. textile 180 (57.1%). Upper respiratory disorder was found in more than 1/5 of workers (68) in jute vs. 1/20 of workers (18) in textile industry. One and two workers suffered from chronic bronchitis in the jute and the textile industry respectively. Chest tightness was reported among 4 (1.3%) in jute vs. 17 (5.4%) in textile workers, cough symptoms among 86 (27.3%) in jute vs. 26 (8.3%) in textile industry. Low practice of personal protective measure was seen in both industries. The mean score of PEFR of workers in jute mill was lower than the workers in textile industry.
Conclusions: Workers with acute respiratory disorders were more in the jute industry while chest tightness was more in the textile industry. Chronic respiratory problems did not appear to be alarming in both the industries. Use of personal protective measures should be promoted among the dust exposed workers.
Key Words: Dust exposure; Peak expiratory flow rate; Respiratory disorder.
A Study of Surgical Cases During Earthquake Disaster in A Medical College
(Nepal Medical Association, 2019) KC, Kanchan; Thapa, Raj Kumar; Khadka, Sanubhai; Paudel, Damodar
Abstract
Introduction: An earthquake is an intense shaking of earth’s surface which is caused by movements in earth’s outermost layer. The earthquake of 25th April 2015, with a magnitude of 7.8 richter scale with its major aftershock on 12th May 2015 of 7.3 richter scale claimed around 8,962 lives across several districts of Nepal with 22,302 injuries. In this study we tried to figure out various surgical cases and the surgical procedures performed in a tertiary care hospital during an earthquake disaster.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of hospital data on all admitted surgical cases during an earthquake disaster. A total of 238 earthquake victims brought to emergency department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital , a tertiary care center, from 26th April 2015 to 7th Jun 2015, for the period of 42 days were included. Those brought dead and discharged after primary treatments were excluded. Data obtained were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: Among 238 patients enrolled, 122 (51%) were male and 116 (49%) female with male to female ratio of 1.05:1. Age group (31-60 years) with an average age of 45 years were encountered most frequently 110 (46%) with the maximum number of patient burden from Sindhupalchowk district 80 (33.6%). Orthopedic surgery 185 (76%) appeared to be the most frequent followed by neurosurgery, plastic surgery, general surgery and dental surgery.
Conclusions: In natural disaster like earthquakes, traumatic injuries are very common and thereby various surgical procedures especially ortho-plastic are the domain of treatment modalities. Disaster preparedness and combined surgical team effort needs to be focused to reduce both mortality and morbidity.
Keywords: Disaster; Earthquake; Nepal; Surgery.