Journal Issue: Volume: 13, No 2, Issue 50 (APRIL-JUNE) 2015
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2015
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Point-of-care Ultrasonography in Critically Ill Patients
(Kathmandu University, 2015) Shrestha, GS
ABSTRACT
Point-of-care ultrasonography has been used frequently by the physicians involved
in managing critically ill patients. It allows direct visualization of pathology or
abnormal physiological state at the bed side. The examination may be safely and
effectively repeated as needed to follow the evolution of illness and the response
to therapy. It is helpful to guide the therapy in patients with undifferentiated shock
and for bedside diagnosis of common pathological conditions in acute care setting.
It can facilitate common bedside procedures and interventions.
KEYWORDS
Critically ill, goal directed ultrasonography, point-of-care ultrasonography
HIV/AIDS: A Persistent Health Issue for Women and Children in Mid and Far Western Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2015) Awasthi, KR; Adefemi, K; Tamrakar, M
ABSTRACT
This article reviews the effect of male migration on the spread of HIV infections
in mid and far-western Nepal. It explains the link between male mobility and HIV
in women and children. Materials were collected by a systematic search of the
databases and the websites of national and international agencies. HIV infection
amongst male migrants was found to be high. Their risk behaviors such as
unprotected sex with multiple partners and sex workers increase the risk of HIV
infection. Substance abuse, loneliness, separation from families, peer pressure,
long working hours and poor living conditions are factors that promote unsafe sex.
Literacy and awareness about HIV is a key measure to decrease the prevalence of
the disease and reduce social stigma among people affected. HIV is a major public
health issue especially in Nepal with migration playing a major role in its spread.
Negligence to sexual health and lack of comprehensive knowledge on the disease
among male migrants are the major obstacles that have exacerbated the disease.
There is a need for further research on the existing HIV cases affecting women and
children of these two regions to get a clear picture of the gravity of the disease.
KEYWORDS
Conflict, HIV/AIDS, migration, sex workers, social stigma, South East Asia
Anomalous Facial Nerve: An Unusual Cause of Obstruction of Middle Ear Ventilation
(Kathmandu University, 2015) Das, S; Tuli, I P
ABSTRACT
Numerous anomalies and variations of facial nerve anatomy leading to iatrogenic
injury are described. However, there are no reports of facial nerve dehiscence near
its second genu causing a hump and obstructing middle ear ventilation pathway, as
found in our case.
This particular anomaly of facial nerve is being reported to highlight its uniqueness
and that a dehiscent facial nerve may be a rare but dangerous cause of obstruction
of the attic ventilation. One has to be aware of this unusual anomaly to prevent
inadvertent damage to the facial nerve while clearing aditus block in persistent
otitis media.
KEY WORDS
Facial nerve, facial nerve anomaly, facial nerve dehiscence.
Community-Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Case Series
(Kathmandu University, 2015) Veni E, JK; Bhat, G; Shalini, S M; Kumar, P; Chakrapani, M; Baliga, S
ABSTRACT
Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) usually
causes skin and soft tissue infections. However, community-acquired methicillin
resistant S.aureus has been identified as a causative agent of many invasive
infections like necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. Risk factors such
as immunodeficiency and skin and soft tissue infections have been identified for
acquiring bacteremia. We present four cases of bacteremia caused by community-
acquired methicillin resistant S.aureus, risk factors and outcome.
KEY WORDS
Bacteremia, community acquired, MRSA, mortality, risk factors
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis for Meningioma Surgery - A Case Report
(Kathmandu University, 2015) Srivastava, VK; Agrawal, S; Ahmed, M; Sharma, S
ABSTRACT
Myasthenia gravis is a disease of great challenge to the anesthesiologist, because
it affects the neuromuscular junction. Anesthetic management involves either
muscle relaxant or non-muscle relaxant techniques. This case report documents
the safe use of fentanyl, propofol and sevoflurane combination guided by bispectral
index, without the use of muscle relaxants in a patient with myasthenia gravis who
presented for meningioma surgery.
KEY WORDS
Fentanyl, myasthenia gravis, propofol, sevoflurane