Journal Issue: Vol. 62 No. 269 (2024) January
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Postoperative Sore Throat among Patients Following General Anesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Gauchan, Sabin; Thapa, Chitra; Yadav, Rajiv; Bhandari, Sabin
Abstract
Introduction: Postoperative sore throat is the second most common minor adverse event after general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. It is an uncomfortable and stressful sequel of tracheal intubation. The incidence of postoperative sore throat varies across different studies and type of anesthesia technique used. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of postoperative sore throat following general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation from 1 December 2022 to 31 October 2023 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The anaesthesia technique was standardized in all the patients. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 200 patients, postoperative sore throat was seen in 86 (43%) (36.14-49.86, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. The maximum reported time of sore throat was at a fourth postoperative hour 80 (93.02%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of postoperative sore throat among patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation was similar to the studies conducted in similar settings.
Helicobacter pylori Infection among Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Tertiary Care Center
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Sharma, Pasanda; Adhikari, Samyog; Katila,Shreesuna; Bajracharya, Aashra; Bohara, Nidhi; Pathak, Sujan; Poudel, Priyanka; Sapkota, Prakash
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative gut bacterium associated with dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, whose prevalence is still common in developing countries. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the gold standard, first-line investigation for evaluating gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre among the patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 5 January 2020 to 5 January 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 99% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 1,975 patients, Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 561 (28.41%) (25.79-31.03, 99% Confidence Interval). The indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was mostly dyspepsia 256 (45.68%) followed by abdominal pain 205 (36.54%). The most common endoscopic finding was gastritis 445 (79.32%) followed by hiatal hernia 93 (16.58%). The commonest biopsy finding was chronic active gastritis 478 (85.20%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings. The persistence of H. pylori emphasizes the need of continuous research to address ever evolving H. pylori infections and resistance that are developing against available treatment modalities.
Proteinuria among Pregnant Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Ghimire, Asmita; Koirala, Poonam; Rijal, Hima; Chamlagain, Anita; Pant, Padam Raj
Abstract
Introduction: Proteinuria is usually related with preeclampsia during pregnancy, although it can also be caused by other conditions such as renal disease or isolated proteinuria. Proteinuria during pregnancy can result in adverse fetomaternal outcomes. The study aimed to find the prevalence of proteinuria among pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of 14 April 2022 to 13 April 2023 was collected from 9 June 2023 to 9 September 2023 from medical records. The study included pregnant women aged 18-45 years, who were past 28 weeks of gestation and had a 24-hour urine protein measurement. Pregnant women who had insufficient medical records were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3,914 pregnant women, proteinuria was seen in 61 (1.56%) (1.17-1.95, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean proteinuria in the study group was 1.5±2.75 gm/24 hr. In pregnant women with proteinuria, maternal complications were seen in 51 (83.60%) and foetal complications in 34 (55.73%) cases. A total of 47 (77.05%) underwent emergency lower-section caesarean section.
Conclusions: The prevalence of proteinuria among pregnant women was found to be similar as compared to studies done in similar settings.
Acute Kidney Injury among Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Giri, Arun; Yadav, Sunil Kumar; Shah, Vijay Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a very common cause of morbidity and mortality in both term and preterm neonates and ranks the second most important cause of neonatal death. The incidence and importance of acute kidney injury in the neonatal period are becoming increasingly apparent. Early diagnosis and timely management of acute kidney injury is very important in these newborns to avoid other long-term adverse events. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of acute kidney injury among neonates with perinatal asphyxia in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit and nursery in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal from 1 November 2021 to 31 October 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 97 neonates, the prevalence of acute kidney injury was seen among 60 (61.86%) (50.25-69.75, 95% Confidence Interval) neonates. Out of which 42 (70%) were males and 18 (30%) were female.
Conclusions: The prevalence of acute kidney injury among neonates with perinatal asphyxia was found to be higher than other studies done in a similar setting.
Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Center
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Rayamajhi, Parash; Khadka, Janak; Bhattarai, Pravesh; Bohaju, Anjana; Adhikari, Apsara; Mandal, Deependra
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern and a continuously growing chronic disease worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is one of the modifiable, independent, and major risk factors of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to find the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Medicine from 19 July 2023 to 19 November 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Detailed clinical history, random blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin were used to define diabetes mellitus. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 80 patients, diabetes mellitus was seen in 25 (31.25%) (21.09-41.41, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 19 (76%) had previously diagnosed and 6 (24%) had newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The poor glycemic control was seen in 11 (44%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute ischemic stroke was found to be higher than in studies done in similar settings.