Journal Issue: Vol. 63 No. 281 (2025): JNMA
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Volume
63
Number
Issue Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Volume 63
(63)
Articles
The National Health Summit: Bridging Policy and Practice for Transformative Healthcare in Nepal
(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Regmi, Sushant
Postoperative Complications among Major Abdominal Surgeries using Clavien-Dindo Classification in Tertiary Hospital: An Observational Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Jha, Manoj Kumar; Shah, Kunda Bikram; Thapa, Anup; Basukala, Sunil; Sah, Sumit Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: The Clavien-Dindo Classification is an easy way to grade any deviation from the post-operative course that is not a normal part of the procedure and does not indicate a failure to achieve the desired cure, regardless of the physician’s age or level of competence. We aimed to conduct a this study to determine the prevalence of post-operative complications after major abdominal surgery and to grade them using the Clavien-Dindo Classification.
Methods: This was an observational cross-section study conducted after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 656). A retrospective data of patients admitted to surgical wards for major surgery from January to June 2022 was included in the study. The post-operative complications were divided as per Clavien-Dindo classification from grade I to grade V. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse data.
Results: Out of 78 patients, 45 (57.69%; 95% CI: 52.69%-62.69%) patients had complication after major abdominal surgery. Among them, 17 (37.78%) patients belonged to age group more than 60 years and 24 (53.33%) patients were female. Amongst the morbidities, diabetes mellitus was seen in 7 (15.56%) patients, hypertension in 6 (13.33%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 5 (11.11%) cases and anaemia in 3 (6.67%) cases. There were 19 (42.22%) patient with Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade II and surgical site infection was observed in 26 (57.78%) cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of post-operative complication after major abdominal surgery in our study was found to be comparatively higher as compared to similar studies done in similar settings.
Audio-Visual Distraction- A Non-Pharmacological Approach to Alleviate Pain in Pediatric Vaccine Administration: An Observational Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Bajaj, Harsshika; Tandel, Akaash; Rajput, Uday; Sonkawade, Naresh; Dawre, Rahul; Pawar, Sameer; Chivale, Sangeeta; Kamath, Pragati; Sakharkar, Kanchan; Sancheti, Poonam; Tambe, Murlidhar; Kinikar, Aarti
Abstract
Introduction: The routine vaccine injections are one of the most common and painful procedures during childhood specifically in infancy. In order to improve the effectivity of pain reduction during routine vaccination OPD this study was done to analyse the effectiveness of audio-visual gadgets as a distraction tool for pain reduction in infants during the vaccination procedure.
Methods: A comparative observational study conducted at a tertiary healthcare center vaccination out patient department. Children aged 1 month to 2 years receiving the vaccine were included in the study. The study group was exposed to audio-visual clip while the control group received the vaccine as per routine vaccination protocol. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Controllability Scale score was used to assess the behavioural reactions to pain which assesses five behavioural areas. The study protocol was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee (Reference number: BJGMC/IEC/1122238-238).
Results: The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Controllability Scale score were studied among two groups, it was observed that the pain score and every component of the score had a statistically significant lower mean score in audio-visual group as compared to the control group. Mean pain score in the audio-visual group was 6.31±0.79 as compared to 9.57±0.65 in the control group with the p value of 0.001.
Conclusions: A lower pain score in response to vaccination with an audio-visual distraction indicates that it can be regularly used to reduce pain during the vaccination procedure and can be used during different painful procedures.