Journal Issue: Volume: 20, No 3, Issue 79, JULY-SEPT, 2022
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Three Dimensional Printing: An innovation in Otorhinolaryngology Practice
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Shrestha, BL
NA
Prevalence of Suspected Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Ultrasonography Screening and its Associated Factors in Northeastern Thailand
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Rayubkul, J; Laohasiriwong, W; Thinkhamrop, B; Mahato, RK; Khantikeo, N; Pongpanich, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Ultrasonography of the liver allows detection of liver mass and bile duct
dilatation which are findings of suspected Cholangiocarcinoma so that early stage
Cholangiocarcinoma can be detected.
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of suspected Cholangiocarcinoma as well as its associated
factors.
Method
These reported results were obtained from the baseline screening for
Cholangiocarcinoma as of July 2013 of an ongoing project the Cholangiocarcinoma
Screening and Care Program conducted in Northeastern Thailand. Participants were
northeasterners who were at least one of the followings: 40 years or older, ever been
infected with liver fluke, ever been treated with praziquantel, or ever been consumed
raw fresh water fish. Ultrasonography was done by well-trained medical radiologists.
Result
Of the total 1,196,685 participants, 58.9% were females with a mean age of 58.2
(standard deviation ± 9.9) years. Suspected Cholangiocarcinoma was found in 15,186
(2.6%; 95% CI: 2.56 to 2.65) individuals. The results observed that the participants
with higher age group had high association as compared to younger age group
(AOR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.77 to 2.21; p-value < 0.001), hepatitis B infected participants
were highly significant as compared to the non- hepatitis B infected (AOR=1.22;
95% CI: 1.07 to 1.39; p-value = 0.002) and participants having Hepatitis C were also
significantly associated with Cholangiocarcinoma infection (AOR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.04
to 2.05; p-value = 0.029) based on ultra-sonographic screening respectively. However,
patients having diabetes were less likely to be associated with Cholangiocarcinoma
(AOR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.93; p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion
About one out of a hundred cases required further investigations such as Magnetic
resonance imaging or Computed Tomography. Early age of ultrasonography
screening for Cholangiocarcinoma enhanced the opportunities for early detection of
Cholangiocarcinoma and might reduce irrational requests for expensive or invasive
methods of diagnosis.
KEY WORDS
Cholangiocarcinoma, Suspected case, Ultrasonography screening
Factors Associated with Intrauterine Fetal Death at Paropakar Maternity Women’s Hospital
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Thakur, SK; Dangal, G
ABSTRACT
Background
Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a demise occurring at 20 or more weeks of gestation
and weight 500 gram or more. Intrauterine fetal death at any point during gestation
is a traumatic event not only to the patient but also to the care giver. The purpose of
this study is to know the risk factors associated with intrauterine fetal death.
Objective
To determine the factors associated with intrauterine fetal death.
Method
Prospective observational study was conducted at Paropkar maternity women’s
hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu. All the cases with intrauterine fetal death were
admitted and delivered in the hospital with period of gestation 20 weeks to term
pregnancy. All the relevant data were recorded in pre-designed proforma. The
collected data were entered in SPSS 25 version for analysis.
Result
There was a total 5153 deliveries in three months, with prevalence of 1.2% and
intrauterine rate of 12.03 per 1000 births. Out of 50 enrolled cases, 78% (n=50) of
patient had not attended antenatal checkup. Majority (n=50; 74%), belonged to age
group 21-35 years, 48% of intrauterine fetal death were term pregnancies of 37 to
42 weeks of gestation. Maximum 20% of IUFD, weighed between (1-1.5 kg) (1.5-2
kg) and (2.5-3 kg). Thirty-nine babies were macerated and eleven non-macerated.
Pregnancy induced hypertension was most common (26%), followed by ante-partum
hemorrhage (8%), hypothyroidism and anemia (6%), meconium stained liquor and
cord prolapse (6%), gestational diabetes mellitus, congenital anomalies, chronic
hypertension (4%), intrauterine growth restriction and urinary tract infection (2%).
Twelve cases underwent cesarean section. Postpartum complications were found in
10 cases; 4 cases had postpartum hemorrhage, 4 had prolonged hospital stay and
2 cases developed hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet count (HELLP)
syndrome.
Conclusion
This study concluded that maximum no. of intrauterine fetal death were seen
antenatally, as 78% of cases were found macerated. The commonest identified risk
factor was pregnancy induced hypertension, followed by ante-partum hemorrhage,
anemia, hypothyroidism, which seem to be preventable risk factors of intrauterine
fetal death, but still unidentified risk factors are of great challenges for the
obstetricians.
KEY WORDS
Ante-partum haemorrhage, Intrauterine fetal death, Postpartum haemorrhage
The Need of Endodontic Therapy among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Acharya, N; Humagain, R; Dahal, S; Kafle, D
ABSTRACT
Background
Dental caries is considered as the most prevalent oral disease in Nepalese population
that frequently needs endodontic therapy or root canal treatment (RCT). Pulp
infection is one of the most common sequels of dental caries which when left
untreated leads to pulpal necrosis and peri-radicular diseases. Patients usually
reports to the dental hospital after there is pain, sensitivity, swelling or fracture of
the tooth structure which usually impedes their normal routine of daily life. RCT is
one of the efficacious therapeutic procedures that can save the teeth retaining its
aesthetics and function.
Objective
To determine the need of RCT among patients attending Tertiary Care Hospital.
Method
A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in the Department of
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics over the period of one year from April 2019
to April 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee
Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. In total, 7566 records of the
patients that needed endodontic therapy and other treatments were collected and
the need of endodontic therapy versus other treatments were assessed. The data
obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The association between various
patient-related variables were calculated by chi square test and mean, standard
deviation, frequency and percentage were calculated using descriptive statistics. P
value was set at < 0.05 for statistical significance.
Result
Among the total study population, (n=7566), the mean age was 34.97±14.34 years
among which 4387 (58%) were females and 3179 (42%) were males. The type of
treatment required by the study participants were significantly associated with age
and sex (p < 0.001) and p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
The findings of this study concluded that there was an increased need for endodontic
therapy among patients visiting the department compared to other treatments.
There was a significant association between gender and age showing females and
elderly patients in greater need for endodontic therapy.
KEY WORDS
Endodontic therapy, Epidemiology, Periapical periodontitis, Pulpal pain, Treatment
need
Hirsutism and Quality of Life of Women in Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Maharjan, J; Agrawal, S; Marahatta, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Hirsutism is excess terminal hair growth in women at androgen-dependent sites of
the body and it has great impact on psychological and social aspects of their lives,
thus affecting their quality of life (QoL). Several studies assessing the quality of life
in hirsute women could be found in world literature but none in Nepalese literature.
So, this study was undertaken for the assessment of the impact of hirsutism on the
quality of life in Nepalese women.
Objective
To assess the effect of hirsutism on quality of life of women in a tertiary center
of Eastern Nepal and its association with various socio-demographic and clinical
parameters.
Method
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in 49 participants aged
10 to 49 years at the Department of Dermatology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences. Clinically diagnosed hirsute females with modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mF-
G) score > 8, were enrolled and asked to fill Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)
questionnaire in the Nepalese version.
Result
More than 57.2% of the study population was of age 20 to 29 years with a mean of
27.76±8.08 years. The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 7.78±4.95. The
moderate effect was seen in the majority of participants (36.7%) with a predominant
effect upon aspects of life like daily activities and symptoms and feelings. Participants
with higher mF-G score (22.15±3.82) had a very large effect on their quality of life.
Younger unmarried women with a school education and having a longer duration of
hirsutism were found to have a higher effect upon their quality of life. However, the
association was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Hirsutism had affected the quality of life moderately with predominant effect upon
aspects like daily activities and symptoms and feelings. No significant association was
elicited between severity of hirsutism and its effect on quality of life from our study.
KEY WORDS
Hirsutism, Modified ferriman-gallwey score, Quality of life