Journal Issue: Volume 14: No 1, Issue 53, JAN-MAR, 2016
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2016
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Childhood Injury Prevention in Post-epidemiological Transition in Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2016) Joshi, SK; Pant, PR
NA
Clinicomorphological Spectrum of Ovarian Cystic Lesions
(Kathmandu University, 2016) Dhakal, R; Makaju, R; Bastakoti, R
ABSTRACT
Background
Ovarian cysts, which present as neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, are the most
common gynaecological cause of hospital admissions. Early diagnosis is difficult due
to asymptomatic nature. Clinical, radiological and gross examination alone cannot
distinguish benign from malignant lesions, hence, histopathological examination is
important for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approach.
Objective
The objective of the study is to analyze the spectrum of ovarian cystic lesions with
their clinico-morphorgical features.
Method
This is a prospective study done in between July 2014 and July 2015 in Dhulikhel
Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. Clinical data of patients were obtained
from hospital records and requisition submitted along with the tissue specimens
received in the department.
Result
A total 84 cases of ovarian cystic lesions were studied. Among these, 47 (55.9%)
were non-neoplastic lesions, 33 (39.3%) were benign neoplasms, two (2.4%) were
borderline and two (2.4%) were malignant neoplasms. The most common non-
neoplastic lesions were follicular cysts, 26 (55.3%) followed by simple cysts 14
(29.8%), hemorrhagic cysts five (10.6%) and corpus luteal cysts two (4.3%). Among
all neoplasms, 19 (51.4%) were mature cystic teratoma followed by 10 (27.0%) cases
of mucinous cystadenoma and four (10.8%) cases of serous cystadenoma. Between
two (5.4%) malignant cases, one was immature cystic teratoma and the other
was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Besides these, two (5.4%) cases of borderline
mucinous cystadenoma were also present.
Conclusion
Ovarian cystic lesions are difficult to categorize on the basis of clinical and radiological
findings. Histopathological examination plays a significant role to differentiate benign
lesion from malignant as well as for the proper management.
KEY WORDS
Neoplasm, non-neplastic lesions, ovarian cyst
Awareness-Knowledge and Practices of Dental Waste Management among Private Practitioners
(Kathmandu University, 2016) Abhishek, KN; Supreetha, S; Varma Penumatsa, N; Sam, G; Khanapure, SC; Sivarajan, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Dental wastes are materials that have been utilized in dental clinics, which are no
longer wanted for use and therefore discarded. Improper disposal of these dental
wastes can cause harm to the dentist, the people in immediate vicinity of the dentist.
Objective
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices regarding
Dental waste management among private practitioners.
Method
The study population included 186 private practitioners in three districts of Karnataka
(Coorg, Mysore, Hassan), south India. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire
was distributed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding dental waste
management. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the results. The data will
be statistically analyzed using chi-square test, correlation.
Result
Out of 186 study subjects, 71(38%) were females and 115(62%) were males, Chi-
square analysis showed highly significant association between qualification of the
study participants and their knowledge, practice of dental waste management. A
statistically significant (0.0001) correlation was found between the knowledge and
practice scores.
Conclusion
There was a lacunae of knowledge regarding proper biomedical waste disposal
among the participants. In order to fill this vacuum CDE (Continuing Dental Education)
programs have to be conducted in pursuance to maintain health of the community.
KEY WORDS
Colour code, dental waste management, knowledge, private dental practitioners
Study of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Medical Students in two Medical Colleges of Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2016) Kunwar, D; Risal, A; Koirala, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Medical education is intended to prepare graduates for a promoting health and
caring for the sick. Medical students are confronted with significant academic,
psychological and existential stressors. There is insufficient information regarding
psychological morbidity among Nepalese medical students.
Objective
To determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, among the medical
students in Nepal, and its association with sociodemographic characteristics.
Method
A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted including all students
from first to fifth year of student using convenience method of sampling from
Kathmandu University Medical School (KUSMS), Dhulikhel and Manipal College of
Medical Sciences (MCOMS), Pokhara, Nepal. Depression, Anxiety and stress were
assessed using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Additional questions
regarding demographic variables were also included in the survey. Data analysis was
done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 16.
Result
A total of 538 students participated in the study giving a response rate of 89.6%.
Aamong them 56.5% were from age group 21-25 years, 42.2% were below 20 years
and only 1.3% were above 25 years of age. Among them 52% were female and 48%
were male. Our study found that the overall prevalence of depression was 29.9%,
anxiety was 41.1% and stress was 27% among all participated medical students.
Depression was significantly associated (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.43-3.47, p<0.001) with
living condition (living in hostel or rented house).
Conclusion
The higher level of psychiatric morbidity depression 29.9%, anxiety 41.1% and stress
27% among undergraduate medical students warrants needs for strategic plans to
alleviate depression anxiety and the stressors right from the time they join medical
school and has to be continued till they finish the course.
KEY WORDS
Anxiety, depressive disorder, medical students, Nepal
Blood Requisition and Utilization Practice in Surgical Patients in a Teaching Hospital, Western Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2016) Karki, OB
ABSTRACT
Background
In surgical patients transfusion of blood is often a life-saving measure. Preoperative
over-ordering of blood is very common and leads to holding up of the blood bank
reserve and wastage of resources.
Objective
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of cross-match and
utilization of blood for general surgeries in a teaching hospital of Nepal, to identify
the surgical procedures where type and screen can be introduced and to formulate
a maximum surgical blood-order schedule for those procedures where a complete
cross-match appears mandatory.
Method
Three hundred and eighty-eight patients of different general surgical procedures
over a period of one year were evaluated. Blood units cross matched and units
transfused intra-operative and post-operatively were recorded. Blood utilization was
evaluated using the following indices: cross-matched to transfused ratio, transfusion
probability and transfusion index. The maximum surgical blood-order schedule was
calculated using Mead’s criterion.
Result
Of the 601 blood units arranged for 388 patients, only 108 units were transfused in
81 patients. The cumulative non-utilisation of cross-matched blood was 82%. Based
on these data, the maximum surgical blood-order schedule was calculated for seven
common surgical procedures where cross-matching was justified.
Conclusion
Unwarranted cross-matching of blood is done in most procedures, especially
cholecystectomies, hernia operations, breast surgeries, skin grafting, thyroidectomies
etc. where a group and screen is adequate. Implementation of the recommended
maximum surgical blood-order schedule and introduction of type and screen for
eligible surgical procedures is a safe, effective and economic solution.
KEY WORDS
Blood, cross-match, group and screen