Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 257 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Cutaneous Tuberculosis among Patients Presenting to Dermatology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Parajuli, Niraj; Karki, Anupama; Dhungana, Ashesh
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It can present in various morphological presentations leading to a late diagnosis in many cases. It is mainly associated with significant scarring and morbidity. It is classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary depending on the bacillary load. Similarly, it can be acquired through either an endogenous or an exogenous source. The mainstay of treatment is anti-tubercular medications. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of cutaneous tuberculosis among patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the patient presenting to the outpatient department of dermatology and venerology in a tertiary care centre where all patients data from medical records were taken from April 2016 to March 2021 after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 503/2078/79). Demographic details of the patients including age, sex, site and duration of the lesion were recorded. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 1,30,924 cases, 40 (0.03%) (0.02-0.04, at 95% Confidence Interval) cutaneous tuberculosis was seen.
Conclusions: The prevalence of cutaneous tuberculosis was similar to the studies done in similar settings.
Hand Injury among Patients Visiting Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Thapa, Anurag Singh; Rai, Shankar Man; Nakarmi, Kiran Kishor; Karki, Bishal; Magar, Mangal Gharti; Nagarkoti, Krishna Kumar; Dahal, Peeyush; Maharjan, Niran; Pokharel, Pashupati Babu; Lamichhane, Apar
Abstract
Introduction: The hand is a complex organ responsible for activities of daily living, making it susceptible to injuries and accidents. Hand injuries can result in significant functional impairment and it occurs in a younger productive age group. Therefore, it is important to understand the prevalence and patterns of hand injuries. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of hand injuries among patients visiting the emergency department of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was in the Emergency Department of a dedicated trauma centre from 1 June 2022 to 31 August 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (Reference number: 148412078179). Demographic profile, pattern, and mechanism of hand Injuries of all 96 consecutive patients were assessed after taking informed consent. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 4679 patients visiting the emergency department of the trauma centre, hand injuries were seen in 96 (2.05 %) (1.64-2.46, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hand injuries was found to be lower than in other similar studies done in similar settings.
Appendicitis among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Deo, Kishor Kumar; Yogi, Prajwala; Niroula, Aliska; Maharjan, Sujata
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of appendicitis is widespread among both adult and pediatric populations. Despite being so common, its diagnosis remains difficult. Initially, acute appendicitis is managed conservatively. To reduce morbidity and mortality, surgery must be performed promptly. The main objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of appendicitis among patients admitted to the department of surgery of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre from 1 July 2021 to 1 July 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 202/2079/80). Convenience sampling was done. The patient admitted to the Department of Surgery during the study period was included. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Out of 2452 patients, the prevalence of appendicitis was 321 (13.09%) (11.75-14.43, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of the patients with appendicitis was 31.57±14.14 years and among them, males were 176 (54.83%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of appendicitis among patients admitted to the department of surgery of a tertiary care centre was lower compared to other studies conducted in similar settings.
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis among Patients Presenting to the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Chaudhary, Neha Priyadarshani; Badhu, Badri Prasad; Deo, Prabhat
Abstract
Introduction: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a seasonally recurring, bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva, that occurs in male children with invariable personal or family history of atopy. It is characterized by interstitial inflammation of the cornea and can have sight-threatening complications if not treated in time. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis among patients presenting to the outpatient department of ophthalmology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients presenting to the outpatient department of ophthalmology from June 2020 to May 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: IRC-PA-076). The relevant details of the history and clinical examination of the patients were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. A simple random sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 2400 patients with conjunctivitis visiting the outpatient department of ophthalmology, vernal keratoconjunctivitis was seen in 80 (3.33%) (2.61- 4.05, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in our study was found to be similar to the other studies done in similar settings.
Artifacts among Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images of Patients of Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Bali, Harleen; Luitel, Abhinaya; Upadhyaya, Chandan
Abstract
Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography is widely used as a mode of investigation in the field of dentistry. Although presenting a three-dimensional picture of head and neck structures it does carry drawbacks in the form of artifacts which not only degrade image quality but a repeat of the radiograph leading the patient to radiation exposure again. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of artifacts among cone beam computed tomography images of patients visiting tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on cone beam computed tomography images of patients in the archives of dental radiology at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology wherein all cone beam computed tomography radiographs of patients after taking an ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee from 1 January 2019 to 19 March 2022 were included in the study. The study included 780 image of patients. Convenience sampling was used. The artifact when present was noted and categorised as inherent artifacts, procedure-related artifacts, introduced artifacts and patient motion artifacts. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 780 cone beam computed tomography image patients, artifacts were seen in 665 (85.25%) (82.76-87.74, 95% Confidence Interval) study images.
Conclusions: The prevalence of artifacts among cone beam computed tomography images of patients is similar to the studies done in similar settings.