Journal Issue: Volume: 60, No. 250 (2022) JUNE
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2022
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JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
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Articles
Congenital Hypothyroidism among Infants Undergoing Thyroid Function Test in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Mishra, Bijaya; Bhatta, Nisha Keshary; Regmi, Mohan Chandra; Das, Binod Kumar Lal; Khan, Seraj Ahmed; Gelal, Basanta; Niraula, Apeksha; Lamsal, Madhab
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most preventable and treatable cause of mental retardation in newborns and infants. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns and infants is not a routine practice in our part of the world. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among infants undergoing thyroid function test in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, from laboratory records starting 14th April, 2013 to 13th April, 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1502/019). Data of infants whose thyroid function tests were performed were obtained using convenience sampling. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was categorised per the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology guidelines. Data were entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2011 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5. Point estimate at a 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data.
Results: Among 1243 infants, 56 (4.50%) (3.35-5.65 at 95% Confidence Interval) infants were diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.
Conclusions: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was higher than other studies done in similar settings. An unexpected finding of treatment-induced hyperthyroidism was observed, indicating a lack of regular and timely follow-up of infants diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.
Urinary Tract Infection among Post-renal Transplant Patients in the Department of Nephrology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Khatri, Bikash; Maharjan, Suresh; Lamsal, Jagdish; Khatri, Bijay; Shah, Dibya Singh
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common infection among renal transplant recipients and increases the risk of hospitalization or even death. The study aimed to find the prevalence of urinary tract infection among post-renal transplant patients in the Department of Nephrology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted among 217 post-renal transplant patients at the Department of Nephrology of a tertiary care centre from 1st November, 2017 to 31st October, 2018. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 245(6-11-E)2074-75). Convenience sampling was used. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2011 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and mean with standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among 217 patients, urinary tract infection was seen in 27 (12.44%) (8.05-16.83 at 95% Confidence Interval). One (3.70%) patient had the infection within three months of transplant, and 17 (62.96%) had infection after more than a year of transplant.
Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary tract infection among kidney transplant recipients in our study was lower than previous studies done in similar settings.
Dyslipidemia among Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Baral, Sushil; Pokhrel, Asmita; B.K., Shyam Kumar; Kshetri, Rupesh; Regmi, Prashant; Gyawali, Prajwal
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and disability in Asian population. Dyslipidemia is considered a major risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to find the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with ischemic stroke in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 150 diagnosed cases of ischemic stroke admitted in the Department of Medicine from 1st October, 2020 to 1st October, 2021. The ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 358/2077/78). Fasting blood samples were collected from the patients, serum lipids were measured and atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. Demographic, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors related data were collected. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analysis was using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the ischemic stroke patients was 120 (80.00%) (73.60-86.40 at 95% Confidence Interval). High total cholesterol was found in 64 (53.33%) patients, high triglycerides in 70 (58.33%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 54 (45.00%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 51 (42.50%) patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among ischemic stroke patients was higher than the studies done in similar settings.
Intra-abdominal Adhesions among Patients Undergoing Repeat Caesarean Section in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Pokhrel, Manoj; Sherpa, Lakpa Dolma; Thapa, Meena; Sharma, Jyotshna
Abstract
Introduction: Adhesions are one of the common complications encountered after caesarean section whose risk increases with the number of caesarean deliveries. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of intra-abdominal adhesions among patients undergoing repeat caesarean section in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 pregnant women undergoing repeat caesarean section in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre from July, 2021 to December, 2021 after receiving the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2107202103). Pregnant women who met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Convenience sampling was done. The severity of the adhesions was classified using the Tulandi and Lyell classification. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 software. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data along with mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Out of 74 women undergoing repeat caesarean section, 55 (74.32%) (65.99-82.65 at 90% Confidence Interval) had developed intra-abdominal adhesions.
Conclusions: Our study showed that the prevalence of intra-abdominal adhesions among patients undergoing repeat caesarean section was higher when compared to similar studies conducted in similar settings.
Mean Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity of Right Ulnar Nerve among Physically Trained Adult Males in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Limbu, Rekha; Limbu, Nirmala; Khadka, Rita; Subedi, Priza; Limbu, Dilmaya
Abstract
Introduction: Neural adaptation to physical training allows a person to better coordinate the activation of all relevant muscles producing maximum force. Nerve conduction velocity measures the speed of impulse along the motor neuron and is strongly associated with muscle contraction time. This study aimed to find out the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the right ulnar nerve among physically trained adult males in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of a tertiary care centre from 3rd November, 2019 to 2nd November, 2020. Thirty young adult males who were engaged in the physical training at a training centre for more than 3 months were studied after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1578/019). Motor nerve conduction parameters of the right ulnar nerve were measured and data were entered in Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among 30 males studied, the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was found to be 61.02±5.86 m/sec (58.92-63.11 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean distal latency and amplitude of the muscle action potential were 2.33±0.53 ms and 8.08±1.17 mv respectively.
Conclusions: Our study found that the mean nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was similar when compared to studies conducted in similar settings.