Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 267 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Pre-eclampsia among Pregnant Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Mahotra, Narayan; Chaudhary, Sonam; Poudyal, Pooja
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder with maternal and neonatal complications. Many studies are done regarding the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in Nepal but ascertaining the maternal risk factors and fetal outcomes are important. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital from 13 July 2023 to 29 September 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 5065 patient, pre-eclampsia was seen in 44 (0.87%) (0.61-1.13, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 16 (36.36%) cases of pre-eclampsia were in the age group 25-29 years and 30 (68.18%) of them were nulliparous. A total of 38 (86.36%) of the newborns of the pre-eclamptic cases had low birth weight. The APGAR score of newborns at the 1 minute after birth was 26 (59.09%) followed by the newborns who needed re-evaluation 16 (36.36%). The APGAR score recorded at 5 minutes showed maximum newborns with normal APGAR score 40 (90.90%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Hearing Loss among Children Visiting Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Chaudhary, Preeti; Chalise, Ganesh Bahadur; Adhikari, Arun; Mathema, Luna; Paudyal, Prasanta; Khatri, Bijay
Abstract
Introduction: Hearing loss is defined as the partial or total reduction in auditory acuity. Hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of hearing loss among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 after obtaining ethical approval. All the patients who underwent pure tone evaluation were included in the study. A convenience sampling technique was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3051 children, 328 (10.75%) (9.65-11.85, 95% Confidence Interval) had hearing loss. Among children with hearing loss, 170 (51.83%) of children were female. The mean age of children with hearing loss was 13.31±3.39 years. The mean pure tone average among 452 ears with hearing loss was 44.60±17.71 dB. The commonest degree of hearing loss was mild hearing loss 266 (58.85%), and the commonest type was conductive hearing loss 310 (68.58%). Among children with hearing loss, 124 (37.80%) had bilateral hearing loss.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing loss among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS was found to be lower than similar studies done in similar settings.
Refractive Error among Children Visiting the Department of Paediatric Opthalmology of a Tertiary Eye Care Center
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Gurung, Govind; Gupta, Krishna Kant
Abstract
Introduction: Refractive error is the inability of eyes to focus clearly on images. Visual impairment due to refractive error has a major impact on children's education and daily activities. The hospital has no documentation of the ocular morbidity related to refractive errors in children. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of refractive error in children visiting the Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Outpatient Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre from 8 September 2022 to 7 March 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3600 children, the prevalence of refractive error was seen in 668 children (18.56%) (15.61-21.51, 95% Confidence Interval). Refractive error was seen in 363 (54.34%) boys and 305 (45.66%) girls. Myopia was found in 340 (50.90%), astigmatism in 207 (30.99%), and hyperopia in 121 (18.11%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of refractive error among children attending a tertiary care centre was found to be higher than studies done in similar settings. Regular screening of refractive error for visual impairment is recommended among school going children.
Tracheostomy among Children Admitted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Bathwal, Rahul; Dongol, Kripa; Dutta, Heempali; Neupane, Yogesh
Abstract
Introduction: Tracheostomy is commonly performed for upper airway obstruction, prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheo-bronchial toileting. Pediatric tracheostomy differs from adult tracheostomy in terms of surgical procedure, post-operative care and recovery. The tracheostomized patients may either be decannulated, discharged with tube-in-situ or the patient may expire. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of tracheostomy in patients admitted to the Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among children admitted to the Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre from 1 May 2017 to 31 August 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 1472 patients, tracheostomy was done in 65 (4.41%) (3.37-5.47, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 33 (50.76%) underwent tracheostomy for prolonged ventilation whereas 32 (49.23%) were tracheostomized for airway obstruction. Among them, 41 (63.07%) patients were successfully decannulated, 9 (13.84%) were discharged with tracheostomy tubes in situ whereas 15 (23.07%) patients deceased. The most common complication was tracheostomy tube blockage reported in 5 (7.69%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of tracheostomy among the children of the pediatric intensive care unit was found to be lower than in other studies.
Orthopaedic Fractures among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Joshi, Pramod; Karmacharya, Mahesh; Shrestha, Sailendra Kumar Duwal
Abstract
Introduction: Orthopedic fractures caused by chronic metabolic bone disease, overuse, or road traffic accidents are among the most significant burdens on society. Furthermore, a growing number of people undergoing arthroplasty and an increase in life expectancy seem to contribute to an increase in orthopaedic fractures. However, research on orthopaedic fracture prevalence or types has been scarce in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of orthopaedic fractures among patients attending a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among patients attending a tertiary care centre was conducted between 19 May and 18 November 2023 during which date from 1 January to 30 December 2021 were collected from the hospital records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 7609 people, 2518 (33.09%) (12.97–10.55, 95% Confidence Interval) had orthopaedic fractures. A total of 1925 (76.45%) were males. There were 339 (95.49%) fractures associated with two-wheelers and 307 (86.48%) with four-wheelers. There were 1387 (55.08%) soft tissue injuries, 198 (7.86%) skull injuries, and 116 (4.61%) facial injuries. Additionally, there were 73 (2.90%) fractures of the femur, 71 (2.82%) fractures of the phalanx, and 70 (2.78%) fractures of the clavicle.
Conclusions: The prevalence of orthopaedic fractures was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings.