Journal Issue: Vol. 62 No. 270 (2024) FEBRUARY
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Circulatory Death and Organ Donation
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Badri Man
Breast Cancer among Cancer Patients Visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a Tertiary Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Rakshya; Paudel, Bishal; Panthi, Bishal; Gyawali, Bindu; Pandey, Anup; Khanal, Surendra; Gyawali, Siddinath
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide both in terms of incidence and mortality. Its incidence has been on an increasing trend in developing nations including Nepal, however, there is very limited evidence of its demographic profile in our setting. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of breast cancer among cancer patients visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer patients visiting the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre using retrospectively collected data from 1 August 2022 to 30 July 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Histopathologically confirmed cancer patients were included and those with incomplete and duplicated data were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 2067 cancer patients, the prevalence of breast cancer was 102 (4.93%) (4.00-5.87, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age was 50.51±2.08 years. The most commonly affected age group was 40 to 60 years constituting 61 (59.80%) patients. Histologically, invasive breast cancer of no special type was the most common and was found in 91 (89.22%) patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of breast cancer was similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Birth Asphyxia among Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Yadav, Dhirendra Prasad; Kumar, Vivek; Gupta, Manoj Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Birth asphyxia causes significant morbidity and mortality among neonates, especially in low-income and middle-income countries like Nepal. However, there is a paucity of data regarding its burden. This study aimed to find the prevalence of birth asphyxia among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates at a tertiary care hospital between 15 January 2022 to 14 January 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks were included and those with major congenital anomalies were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. A point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 902 neonates, 120 (13.30%) (11.08-15.52, 95% Confidence Interval) had birth asphyxia. A total of 108 (90%) were outborn, and 84 (70%) were males. HIE stage-I, II and III were seen in 47 (39.17%), 64 (53.33%) and 9 (7.50%) of the asphyxiated neonates respectively. Poor suck 92 (76.67%), seizures 73 (60.83%) and lethargy 70 (58.33%) were common abnormal neurological findings. Death occurred in 15 (12.50%) neonates in the hospital.
Conclusions: The prevalence of birth asphyxia was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings. The high burden underscores an urgent need to implement better perinatal care and delivery room management practices.
Traumatic Injury among Patients Presenting to the Department of Emergency Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Rijal, Suraj; House, Darlene Rose; Joshi, Nishant; Thapa, Barsha; Shrestha, Kriti; Sharma, Mohan Raj
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of trauma-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, limited data exists in these settings related to injury types and severity. The prevalence of trauma similar to our setting was less estimated. This study aimed to find the prevalence of traumatic injury among patients presented to the department of emergency medicine of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among patients presented to the Department of Emergency Medicine from 15 September 2021 to 14 September 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. World Health Organization trauma minimum data set, injury mechanism, types and patient disposition data were collected and injury severity scores were calculated. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 47,825 patients, 1,524 (3.19%) (3.03-3.34, 95% Confidence Interval) patients presented with a traumatic injury. A total of 967 (63.45%) were males and had a median age of 30 years (Interquartile range: 25). Most injuries were caused by falls 650 (42.65%), followed by road traffic accidents 411 (26.97%). A majority had minor Injury Severity Scores 1280 (83.99%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of traumatic injury among patients presenting to emergency was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Sepsis among Neonates Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Devkota, Kanchan; Kanodia, Piush; Joshi, Bibek
Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a condition that carries a high risk for mortality as neonates rapidly transition to extra-uterine life and are subjected to various risk factors. Sepsis prevalence can be reduced by good antenatal care, early detection and treatment of risk factors. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of sepsis among neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among neonates admitted to the neonatal care unit of a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of patients admitted from 12 December 2022 to 30 June 2023 was collected from hospital records. Symptomatic patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were included and those with incomplete data were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 379 neonates, the prevalence of sepsis was 138 (36.41%) (28.38-44.44, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 98 (71.01%) had early-onset neonatal sepsis and 40 (28.99%) had late-onset neonatal sepsis.
Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings.