Journal Issue: Volume: 60, No. 256 (2022) DECEMBER
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Visiting the Nephrology Unit in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Agrawaal, Krishna Kumar; Raghubanshi, Prabesh; Bohaju, Anjana; Acharya, Jiya
Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury is an abrupt decline in renal function often associated with a decrease in urine output. It is the leading cause of in-hospital mortality worldwide with prolonged hospital stays, the requirement of mechanical ventilation and short-term dialysis. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of acute kidney injury among patients visiting the Nephrology unit in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients presented to the Nephrology Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine in a tertiary centre from 9 February 2022 to 21 October 2022. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: UCMS/IRC/047/22). Data was collected from hospital records and the outcome was recorded in terms of in-hospital mortality and the requirement for renal replacement therapy. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 1848 patients, 113 (6.12%) (5.03-7.21, 95% Confidence Interval) had acute kidney injury. About 38 (32.75%) required inotropes whereas 10 (8.85%) required mechanical ventilation. In-hospital all-cause mortality was seen in 14 (12.39%) of the study population and 20 (17.70%) of the study population required renal replacement therapy. The most common cause of acute kidney injury was infection pneumonia followed by acute gastrointestinal infections were the most common infective aetiology.
Conclusions: The prevalence of acute kidney injury was found to be lower than the studies done in similar settings. It is common in patients admitted with infection. It is responsible for in-hospital mortality.
Bear Maul Injury among Patients Presenting to the Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Menyangbo, Suryaman; Bhatta, Gakul; Rokaya, Poojan Kumar; Basnet, Rabin
Abstract
Introduction: Bears are robust and agile wild creatures that can potentially inflict injuries. Black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are an inhabitant of the mountainous part of Nepal. Encounters between humans and bears generally occur in the bear-prevalent areas of Nepal and the world inflicting complex categorical injuries. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of bear maul injury among patients presenting to the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care centre from 1 August 2017 to 1 September 2022. Data was collected from the records of the Department of Surgery after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 078/79/38). The collected data included time of arrival in the hospital, type of bear, types of laceration, wound type, and demographic of patients. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 2980 patients presenting to the Department of Surgery, the prevalence of bear maul injury was 15 (0.50%) (0.25-0.75, 95% Confidence Interval). Of which, all had laceration injury, with the face and scalp 9 (60%) being the highest injured site. Autumn was the season attacked most in daytime.
Conclusions: The prevalence of bear maul injury was lower than in other studies done in similar settings.
Mechanical Injury among Medicolegal Cases in the Department of Emergency in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Timsinha, Sidarth; Parajuli, Sudhir Raman
Abstract
Introduction: A medico-legal issue arises whenever an injured person visits a hospital. Therefore, all physicians who treat such patients have a legal duty to accurately document injuries as part of medical treatment. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of mechanical injury among medicolegal cases in the Department of Emergency in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Emergency Department of a tertiary centre from May 2018 to April 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 356). Convenience sampling method was used among patients who met the eligibility criteria. All relevant data were extracted using hospital records. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Out of 3486 medicolegal cases registered in the Department of Emergency, 856 (24.55%) (28.37-29.96 at 95% Confidence interval) were cases of mechanical injuries. Males 616 (71.96%) outnumbered females for all types of mechanical injuries. Road Traffic Accident 527 (61.56%) was the leading cause of injury and lacerations 351 (29.52%) were the most common pattern of injury. The majority 628 (73.36%) of the injuries were simple in nature.
Conclusions: The prevalence of mechanical injuries among medicolegal cases was similar in our study compared to other studies done in similar settings. The majority of the injuries were caused by traffic accidents, which could have been prevented if a safe system approach to road safety was followed.
Neonates Born Through Meconium-stained Amniotic Fluid among Deliveries in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Shrestha, Sabina; Pokhrel, Manoj; Manandar, Sunil Raja
Abstract
Introduction: The mortality and morbidity of meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in developing countries are still high. In Nepal, few studies have estimated the prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid among newborns. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid among deliveries in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates born in a tertiary care centre from November 2021 to March 2022. Neonates born during the study period with meconium-stained amniotic fluid were studied. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling method was used. With permission from the Department of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the data were collected and entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 576 neonates, the prevalence of neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid was 77 (13.37%) (10.59-16.15, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Stromal Keratitis among Herpes Simplex Keratitis Patients in a Tertiary Eye Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Shrestha, Poonam; Paudel, Santosh
Abstract
Introduction: The manifestations of herpes simplex virus keratitis range from epithelial keratitis to vision-threatening stromal keratitis. There are limited studies done on our part regarding stromal keratitis. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of stromal keratitis among herpes simples keratitis patients in a tertiary eye hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who presented with herpes simplex virus keratitis in a tertiary eye hospital between 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2022. Ethical clearance was taken from Ethical Review Board (Reference number: 1/2079/80). Data was collected from hospital records which was reviewed and visual acuity at presentation and at one-month follow-up, clinical details on examination were recorded and, diagnosis of the stage of disease given in the case record was noted. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 112 Herpes simplex keratitis patients, the prevalence of stromal keratitis was 38 (33.93%) (25.16-42.70, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of stromal keratitis among patients of herpes simplex keratitis was similar to studies conducted in similar settings.