Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 260 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis among Chronic Liver Disease Patients with Ascites Admitted to the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Mahato, Tarkeshwor; Sharma, Yubaraj; Thapa, Suman
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic liver disease is a common problem worldwide. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a dreaded complication and has high in-hospital mortality. Few studies have been done about the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and associated clinical and biochemical features in a hospital-based population. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in chronic liver disease patients with ascites admitted to Department of Medicine in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients with chronic liver disease with ascites admitted to the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care centre between 18 March 2021 to 28 February 2022 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: PMM2103161493). Convenience sampling method was used. Diagnostic paracentesis was done in every such patient. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 157 patients, the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was 46 (29.29%) (22.17-36.41, 95% Confidence Interval). The most common presenting symptom was pain abdomen seen in 29 (63.04%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in chronic liver disease patients with ascites was similar to studies done in similar settings. Clinicians should be aware that it can present with or without abdominal pain.
Stroke among Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Kurmi, Ram Narayan; Mandal, Laxman; Singh, Raj; Chaudhary, Prateek Kumar; Dhungana, Tirth; Lamichanne, Sandesh; Bastola, Nimish Raj; Pokharel, Prajjwal
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality after ischemic heart disease and the leading cause of morbidity around the world. This study aimed to find out the stroke among patients admitted to a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and Neurosurgery from 15 July 2021 to 15 June 2022 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 78/79-083). Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 5034 patients, 149 (2.95%) (2.48-3.41, 95% Confidence Interval) patients had stroke. Out of 149 cases, male to female ratio was 1.06 with a mean age of 65.05±14.06 years. The most common presentation was hemiparesis 128 (85.90%). Hypertension 106 (71.14%) was the most common underlying condition. The frontal area 17 (32.02%) was the most common site of ischemic stroke. Putamen (55.26%) was most common site in hemorrhagic stroke. The mean hospital stays was 6.3±5.18 days. There were 5 (3.40%) cases of in-hospital mortality.
Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke was similar to other studies done in similar settings.
Road Traffic Accidents among Patients Visiting Department of Emergency of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Sharma, Shanta; Dhakal, Indra; Bhusal, Madhav; Adhikari, Nilam; Bhusal, Subhash; Upadhaya, Tekraj; Subedi, Ishan; Tiwari, Anil; Verma, Priya; Dhital, Bikash; Pandey, Neha; Panthi, Anup
Abstract
Introduction: Road Traffic Accidents, are one of the major neglected global health burdens which are predicted to be the 7th leading cause of global deaths by 2030 as per the World Health Organization hence, seem to be one of the major global threats in near future. Most road traffic accidents affect the most vulnerable age groups in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of road traffic accidents among patients visiting the Department of Emergency of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the department of emergency of a tertiary care centre from 16 September 2022 to 15 October 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: IRC-DMCRI: 307/079/080). All the road traffic accidents cases recorded in the Emergency Department from 14 April 2021 to 13 April 2022 were taken. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% confidence interval were calculated.
Results: Among 29735 patients, the prevalence of road traffic accidents was 1340 (4.50%) (4.26-4.74, 95% Confidence Interval). Among these, 1037 (77.4%) were male and 303 (22.6%) were female. Road traffic accidents among two-wheelers were 1065 (79.48%) followed by pedestrian 703 (52.46%). Mangsir witness the higher number of cases, 137 (13.90%) followed by Kartik, 170 (12.69%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of road traffic accidents was similar to other studies done in similar settings. In our study, young people of highly productive and active age groups were the most common victims.
Gallstone among Patients Presenting to the Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Pahari, Soumya; Basukala, Sunil; Piya, Utsav; Khand, Yugant; Thapa, Baivavi; Thapa, Ojas; Thapa, Suman
Abstract
Introduction: Gallstone is the most common biliary pathology. Once thought of as a disease of the western world, the incidence and burden of cholelithiasis are increasing in Asia. Its literature from Nepal is however still primitive. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of gallstone among patients presenting to the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients presenting to the Department of Surgery after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 625). The study was conducted from 1 June 2022 to 1 November 2022. Patients with age more than 18 years were included and patients less than 18 years of age, having common bile duct stones, suffering from biliary malignancy or having an immunocompromised state were excluded. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 1700 patients, gallstone was seen in 200 (11.76%) (10.23-13.29, 95% Confidence Interval). Among the 200 patients, 133 of them (66.50%) were females. Multiple gallstones were present in 118 (59%) cases whereas 82 (41%) cases had a single stone.
Conclusions: The prevalence of gallstone was found to be similar as compared to other reported literature.
Preterm Neonates Admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Sharma, Yograj; Pathak, Om Krishna; Poudel, Bipin; Sharma, Asmita; Sapkota, Ram Prasad; Devkota, Kiran
Abstract
Introduction: Preterm birth, one of the leading causes of admissions to the Neonatal intensive care unit, is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of premature neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from clinical records of preterm neonates (born before 37 completed weeks of gestation) admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 16 July 2020 to 14 July 2021. Following ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/78-018), the patient’s clinical characteristics and systemic morbidities were recorded. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 646 admissions, the prevalence of preterm neonates was found to be 147 (22.75%) (19.52-25.98, 95% Confidence Interval). The male: female ratio was 1.53:1. The median gestational age and birth weight were 33 weeks (Range: 24–36 weeks) and 1680 g respectively. A total of 73 (49.65%) delivery was followed by premature rupture of membrane. The morbidity due to respiratory problems was highest at 127 (86.39%), followed by metabolic at 104 (70.74%) and sepsis at 91 (61.90%). The renal system was the least affected 5 (3.40%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit was higher than in other studies done in similar settings.