Journal Issue: Volume: 27, No. 4 (2025)
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Issue Date
2025
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Online ISSN: 2676-1424; Print ISSN: 2676-1319
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Articles
Communication pattern between musculocutaneous and median nerve in arm: a cadaveric study authors
(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Pradhan, Allin; Lama, Chhiring Palmu; Dhungel, Shaligram
Abstract:
The brachial plexus is a major nerve network that supplies upper limb. Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and median nerve (MN) are two of the branches of cords of brachial plexus which may communicate resulting in the most common variation of the plexus. Recognition and knowledge of such possible anatomical variation will be helpful in the field of neurology, anesthesia and surgery. This study aims to determine the incidence of communication pattern between MCN and MN. Formalin fixed, 50 cadaveric upper limbs of both sides available in the Department of Anatomy were dissected over a period of one year from August 2024 – July 2025. The brachial plexus, MCN and MN were exposed carefully. If Communication was present between MCN and MN, it was classified with reference to Le Minor classification. Variation that does not relate with Le Minor classification was presented as other pattern. The communication between MCN and MN were found in 13 upper limbs (26.0%) and in remaining 37 upper limbs (74.0%) it was absent. Regarding classification of the communication patterns, distribution were found to be; Type I in 37 (74.0%), Type II in 8 (16.0%), Type V in two (4.0%) and other types in three (6.0%) upper limbs (Le Minor classification). MCN communicates with MN after piercing through the coracobrachialis muscle in eight of the upper limbs (Type II). While in two specimen, the communication was present before piercing the coracobrachialis muscle, grouped as other type. MCN was completely absent in two of the upper limbs (Type V).
Estimation of stature from foot length measurements in students of a medical college of Kathmandu: a cross-sectional study
(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Sharma, Suraj; Katwal, Barshika; Tuladhar, Lujaw Ratna
Abstract:
Identification refers to the determination of individuality of a person based on certain physical characteristics. It has been proved by researchers that a strong co-relation exists between one’s stature and footprint/ foot outline measurements. Estimation of stature forms a basic domain during the investigation of unknown/ comingled human remains. The dimensions measured in the lower extremities of the body have greater association with the stature of the individual than those from the upper extremities. This study was conducted from May 2024 to October 2024 AD in 153 medical students of Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu. The height of each person of the study was measured using height scale and right and left foot length was measured using vernier calipers. Linear regression formula (a+bx) for estimating the stature of male and females and of total subjects, was obtained from the data entered in SPSS version 16. Based on the data, the mean height of males was 170.41 ± 6.12, that of females was 158.28 ± 6.21. The right and left foot length of males was 24.41 ± 1.24 and 24.64 ± 1.26 and for females was 22.36 ± 1.17 and 22.39 ± 1.19 respectively. Significant associationwas obtained between the height and foot lengths of males and females of the study.Regression formulae were obtained from the respective heights and foot lengths of total sample, males and females which showed significant co-relation (P <0.0005). Based on the results obtained from the data, it is evident that there is significant co-relation between stature and foot length and foot length measurement. This study has limitations regarding small study population and intra-observer and inter-observer bias.
Stress and anxiety among pregnant women attending Tertiary care hospital at Pokhara, Nepal
(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Mahato, Janaki; Gurung, Rajmi; Poudel, Sarmila; Bhattarai, Muna; Koirala, Jaya
Abstract:
Pregnancy is a period of great joy, also great stress to women both physically and mentally. Even in healthy women pregnancy may give rise to much anxiety because of anticipated uncertainty associated with it. The study aimed to assess the stress and anxiety among pregnant women. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study population consists of pregnant women who were 12-38wks pregnant and attending to Gynae/Obs OPD for regular checkup at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre. Data were collected from Falgun 6 to Chaitra 25, 2080. A purposive sampling technique was used. Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, coded and edited into SPSS (16) and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Of total 33.9% moderate, 32.6% had severe and 33.4% Eustress (normal stress) level of stress. There were no any statistically significant association between level of stress and selected variables. Similarly, 74.2% had minimal, 23.4% mild to moderate and 2.4% respondents have severe level of anxiety. Family support was statistically significant with level of anxiety during pregnancy (p=0.05). There was statistically significant of average positive correlation between stress and anxiety (r=0.605, p=0.001) among pregnant women. In majority of pregnant women have higher stress which reflect the higher anxiety.
Descriptive study of different types of road traffic accidents at a Tertiary care centre in Kathmandu city
(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Shrestha, Niranjan; Sharma, Suraj; Shrestha, Praphulla
Abstract:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) pose a major public health issue worldwide, resulting in over 3,000 fatalities each day across the globe. Low- and middle-income nations account for roughly 85% of these deaths and 90% of the annual disability-adjusted life years lost. Nepal is ranked 79th in the world for RTA-related fatalities, making it the 11th leading cause of death in the nation. Factors such as difficult terrain, adverse weather, insufficient infrastructure, and poor traffic management significantly contribute to the elevated accident rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiological features of road traffic accidents in Kathmandu, with an emphasis on demographic trends, temporal distribution, types of vehicles involved, and patterns of injury. A retrospective hospital-based study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. All cases of RTA in Kathmandu who presented to our hospital were included in this study. All complete RTA cases within the city of Kathmandu were included in the analysis. Data were gathered concerning age, sex, injury locations, time of occurrence, and day of the week. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21. During the study period, a total of 296 RTA cases were documented. Males accounted for 219 cases (73.99%) compared to 77 females (26.01%), resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 2.84:1. The age group most affected was 20-29 years (217 cases, 73.31%). Friday had the highest number of accidents (113 cases, 38.18%), with peak occurrences during daytime hours (143 cases, 48.31%). Two-wheelers were involved in 244 cases (82.43%), making them the most prevalent type of vehicle. Extremity injuries were the most common (290 cases, 97.97%), followed by head injuries (113 cases, 38.18%). Young males aged 20-29 years using two-wheelers are at highest risk for RTAs. The predominance of extremity and head injuries emphasizes the critical need for helmet use and improved road safety measures. Targeted interventions including strict traffic law enforcement, infrastructure improvements, and public awareness campaigns are essential to reduce RTA incidence and severity.
Management of cardiovascular medical emergencies: an institutional based assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among dental students
(Nepal Medical College Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Gurung, Utsav Singh; Bhattarai, Anjali; Jwarchan, Roshani; Gurung, Rashmi Shakya; Bhandari, Anmol
Abstract:
Occurrence of cardiovascular accidents inside a dental office is not a surprising event given the stress many patients associate with dental care. Upon graduating from dental school as a dental practitioner, students must be prepared to deliver appropriate measures promptly for successful management of cardiac emergencies occurring in dental clinic. However, there are no documented studies on such preparedness in Nepal yet. Thus, an institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from June-August 2025 among dental students in Kathmandu, Nepal to assess their level of knowledge, attitude and practice on management of cardiovascular medical emergencies plus it's variation based on age, gender and different academic levels of study. A pre-validated close-ended questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was used to assess the study parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and binomial regression. Regarding knowledge assessment, significant gaps were identified in several topics. Out of 138 participants, over half (53.6%) were still confused regarding the CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) procedure, only 21.7% knew the common cause of cardiac arrest in children and 25.4% understood the functional capacity assessment using metabolic equivalent tasks (METs). About half of the students (52.2%) favored cardio-cerebral resuscitation (CCR) over traditional CPR procedure, with 4th year students showing significantly more positive attitudes (66.7%) compared to interns (41.3%) (p=0.015). Age group and gender were not significant predictors of attitude towards CCR. Only, 44.2% of the students expressed willingness to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on unconscious patients. The practice assessment revealed concerning gaps in emergency preparedness and experience. Only 5.8% of students had encountered cardiac emergencies in clinical settings and merely 11.6% had participated in mock emergency drills. A minority (14.5%) felt capable of managing code blue situations, with interns showing higher confidence (28.3%) compared to 4th year students (2.6%) (p=0.008). However, there was significant variation in continuing education participation, with 4th year students showing higher engagement (66.7%) compared to postgraduate students (29.4%) (p=0.028). Expertise in management of cardiovascular medical emergencies is essential for dental students who will eventually become dental health-care professionals. They have a critical need for clinical exposure and training in managing such situations.