Journal Issue: Volume: 10, No 4, Issue 40, OCT-DEC, 2012
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2012
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Abdominal Circumference as a Screening Measure for Type 2 Diabetes
(Kathmandu University, 2012) Ghosh, JR; Bandyopadhyay, AR
ABSTRACT
Background
No comparative study has been conducted in India considering different
anthropometrically derived adiposity measures to study the association with Type
2 Diabetes.
Objective
This study aims to examine the association of different adiposity measures and to
find out the best adiposity measure in assessing Type 2 Diabetes.
Method
On 187 adult males aged 25-67 years, fasting and two hours postload glucose levels
were assessed. Height, weight, hip circumference, and waist circumference at two
anatomical sites, one at the level of the greatest anterior extension of the abdomen
i.e. abdominal circumference and the other one at the narrowest part of the torso
i.e. minimum waist circumference were measured. Waist hip ratio, body mass
index, waist height ratio and conicity index were calculated subsequently.
Results
The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes was 12.3%. Abdominal circumference revealed
the highest odds ratio (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.45 - 5.23) for Type 2 Diabetes, followed by
waist height ratio (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.05 - 3.32) and minimum waist circumference
(OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.03 - 3.26). The area under the receiver operating characteristic
curve of abdominal circumference was also larger (68%; 95%CI: 0.57 - 0.79)
compared to other adiposity measures in assessing Type 2 Diabetes.
Conclusion
Waist circumference measured at the level of greatest anterior extension of the
abdomen was the best central adiposity measurement in predicting and assessing
Type 2 Diabetes.
KEY WORDS
Abdominal circumference, central adiposity, Type 2 Diabetes, waist circumference
Preemptive use of Small Dose Fentanyl Suppresses Fentanyl Induced Cough
(Kathmandu University, 2012) Shrestha, SK; Bhattarai, B; Shah, RS
ABSTRACT
Background
Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, is a popular choice amongst anaesthesiologists in
the operating room. Pre induction intravenous fentanyl bolus is associated with
coughing in 28 – 65% of patients. Fentanyl induced cough is not always benign and
can be remarkably troublesome at the most critical moment of anaesthesia when
airway reflex is lost.
Objectives
To study the effect of pre emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl through the
peripheral venous cannulae on the incidence of cough by a larger bolus of
intravenous fentanyl.
Methods
One hundred and fifty patients aged 18 -75 years undergoing elective surgical
procedures were randomized into three groups of 50 each. The first group received
0.5 ml saline 0.9 % intravenously one minute prior to the administration of fentanyl
150μg (3 ml); the second group received pre emptive fentanyl 25μg(0.5ml) prior
to the administration of fentanyl 125μg(2.5ml); and the third group received
preemptive fentanyl 25 μg(0.5ml), followed by the administration of fentanyl
150μg(3ml).. Based on the number of coughs observed, cough severity was graded
as mild(1-2), moderate (3-5),or severe (>5).
Results
The incidence of fentanyl induced cough was significantly lower in both pre
emptive group 4(8%) for 125μg fentanyl and 7(14%) for 150μg than in the saline
group 15(30%).
Conclusion
Pre- emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl 25μg administered one minute before a
larger bolus dose of fentanyl (125 or 150μg ) can effectively suppress cough.
KEY WORDS
Cough, fentanyl, pre emptive
Assessment of the Knowledge and Attitude on HIV/AIDS Among Drivers’ Wives
(Kathmandu University, 2012) Prajapati, LM; Sanjel, S; Khanal, K
ABSTRACT
Backgroud
It is generally accepted and well-documented that long distance drivers remain one
of the key forces in the spread of HIV/AIDS as they are highly mobile and spending
long hours on the road away from their families which makes them very likely to
use the services of commercial sex workers (CSWs).
Objectives
To identify the knowledge and attitude among Drivers’ wives on HIV/AIDS.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September 2010
to assess the knowledge and attitude of drivers’ wives on HIV/AIDS in Banepa,
Dhulikhel and Panuti Municipalities, Kavre district central Nepal. Using social
network sampling technique 248 drivers’ wives were selected. Data were obtained
using the structured and semi-structured questionnaire through interview
technique. Verbal consent was taken before collecting data. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics were computed.
Results
Ninety six percent of the respondents heard of HIV/ AIDS. Majority (65.7%) of
the sources of the information were television followed by radio (56.5%), friends
(33.5%), husband (19.4%), newspapers (17.7%) and posters (17.3%). The educational
status and economic status of the respondents show significant association. The
parameters regarding attitude revealed statistical significant.
Conclusion
The age and ethnicity of the respondents did not exhibit the association with
awareness on HIV/ AIDS whereas, educational status and economic status of the
respondents and the parameters regarding attitude revealed statistical show
significant association.
KEY WORD
AIDS, attitude, drivers’ wives, HIV, knowledge
Endurance Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Responses in Sedentary Females During Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle
(Kathmandu University, 2012) Bandyopadhyay, A; Dalui R
ABSTRACT
Background
Alteration in physical work capacity of females during different phases of menstrual
cycle has been reported in different populations. Pertinent data is unavailable in
Eastern Indian population.
Objectives
The present study was aimed to determine the endurance capacity and
cardiorespiratory responses during different phases of menstrual cycle in young
sedentary females of Eastern region of India.
Methods
Forty five unmarried young healthy sedentary females (21–25 years) were recruited
in the present investigation. Duration of their menstrual cycle was 28–30 days.
Cardiorespiratory parameters including the endurance capacity was determined
by treadmill running with constant monitoring of heart rate by Polar heart rate
monitor.
Results
The pre-exercise heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.02) in the luteal phase.
The peak heart rate was significantly lower (P<0.02) in the flow phase than the
follicular and luteal phases. VO2max, O2 pulse, maximum pulmonary ventilation and
endurance capacity were significantly lower in the follicular phase. However, the
endurance capacity was significantly lower in the flow phase. Pre-exercise systolic
and diastolic blood pressure did not exhibit any significant variation in different
phases of menstrual cycle.
Conclusion
Therefore, from the present observations it may be concluded that pre-exercise
heart rate and respiratory rate are significantly higher in the luteal phase whereas
VO2max, O2 pulse, maximum pulmonary ventilation, endurance capacity and peak
heart rate were significantly lower in the follicular phase.
KEY WORDS
Endurance capacity, VO2max, pulmonary ventilation, menstrual cycle