Journal Issue: Volume: 11, No 2, Issue 42, APRIL- JUNE, 2013
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2013
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Clinical and Electroencephalographic Profile Of Children
(Kathmandu University, 2013) Limbu, N; Paudel, BH; Thakur, D
ABSTRACT
Background
Reports on pediatric electroencephalogram of Nepalese patients are rare.
Objective
We aimed to study the relationship between provisional clinical and electrophysiological
diagnoses of pediatric patients with documentation of demographic profiles, and type
and frequency of the disorders/diseases.
Methods
Electroencephalographic reports of 634 children from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed at
neurophysiology laboratory, department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, B. P. Koirala
Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, retrospectively. Chi-Square test was applied
after detail descriptive statistics.
Results
Male and female were 72.2 % (n=458/634) and 27.76 % (n=176/634) respectively. Most
frequent EEG abnormality was seizure disorder (n=370, 59.39%), then febrile seizure (n=
94, 15.08%) and birth asphyxia with hypoxic-induced encephalopathy (n=68, 10.91%).
Electroencephalogram showed significant epileptiform discharges in seizure disorder
(p=0.001, OR= 2.26, 95 % CI= 1.61 to 3.18) and in cerebral palsy (p=0.049, OR=6.88,
95 % CI=0.89 to 145.95), specifically in 6 to 12 (p=0.001, OR=2.94, 95 % CI=1.43 to
6.06) and one to five (p=0.019) years, respectively. Electroencephalogram detected
significantly less epileptiform discharges (p=0.001, OR=0.25, 95 % CI= 0.15 to 0.42) in
febrile seizure specifically in 1 to 5 years (p=0.003, OR=0.16, 95 % CI= 0.04 to 0.63).
Conclusion
Predominant Electroencephalographic abnormality was seizure disorder, followed by
febrile seizure and birth asphyxia with hypoxic-induced encephalopathy respectively.
Electroencephalographic abnormality was highly associated with seizure disorder and
cerebral palsy but was not associated with febrile seizure.
KEY WORDS
Children, EEG, epileptiform discharges
Fluoride Concentration in Community Water and Bottled Drinking Water : A Dilemma Today
(Kathmandu university, 2013) Dhingra, S; Marya, CM; Jnaneswar, A; Kumar, H
ABSTRACT
Background
Because of the potential for contamination of municipal water supplies, people
appear to be turning to alternative sources for their pure drinking water.
Objectives
The present study analyzed the fluoride concentration in community water and
bottled drinking water sold in Faridabad city.
Methods
A comparative evaluation of fluoride content in community water supply and
bottled drinking water was done using ion-selective electrode method. The
community water samples were collected from six different areas (i.e. north zone,
south zone, east zone, west zone and central zone) in the city from public health
water supply taps while bottled drinking water samples were randomly picked from
grocery shops or supermarkets.
Results
The fluoride concentration in the community water supply in this study ranges
from 0.11 to 0.26 mg/L with mean fluoride concentration of 0.17 mg/L. The mean
concentration of fluoride in bottled drinking water was 0.06 mg/L. The differences
observed between mean of two water samples was statistically significant.
Conclusion
The results obtained from the present study clearly state that the fluoride
concentration was insufficient in community water supply from all the areas and
also was deficient in bottled drinking water sold in Faridabad city. So, Alternative
sources of fluorides should be supplemented for optimal dental benefits from the
use of fluoride.
KEY WORDS
Bottled water, drinking water, fluoride
A Comparative Study of Sexual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Patients Taking Aripiprazole Versus Risperidone
(Kathmandu University, 2013) Shah, SK
ABSTRACT
Background
Sexual dysfunction due to antipsychotics is a significant problem encountered with
first-generation antipsychotics. Even the second-generation antipsychotics like
risperidone are not free of sexual dysfunction due to its D2 blocking properties
leading to hyperprolactinaemia. Newer antipsychotic aripiprazole, partial dopamine
agonist, with neutral effect on prolactin level or even decreasing it, is associated
with avoidance of sexual dysfunction.
Objectives
To assess the effect of risperidone and aripiprazole on sexual function of
schizophrenic patients.
Methods
This was an open-label, cross-sectional, observational study conducted at College of
Medical Sciences, Bharatpur. Schizophrenic patients attending OPD and inpatient,
taking risperidone or aripiprazole for at least two months were included in this
study. Forty one patients, without chronic medical illness and sexual dysfunction
before starting drugs, with informed consent were studied during Jan 2012 and
Aug 2012.
Results
Changes in sexual activity was found in 11(55%) of those taking risperidone while,
only 3(14.3%) had any kind of sexual difficulty. This was statistically significant
(p=0.006). Majority, 92.7% of the patients did not report about changes in sexual
activity spontaneously.
Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction was statistically significantly higher in those taking risperidone.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was low with aripiprazole. Except those having
poor sexual functions due to the drugs, the majority had to be specifically inquired
about the effects of drug on sex life.
KEY WORDS
Aripiprazole, risperidone, schizophrenia, sexual dysfunction