Journal Issue: Volume: 20, No 1, Issue 77, JANUARY - MARCH, 2022
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
1812-2027
Journal Volume
Articles
Oral Health Care Practice and Circumstances during Covid-19 among Dental Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Prajapati, D; Hada, B; Ghimire, G; KC, S; Singh, S; Makaju, S; Mahanta, SK
ABSTRACT
Background
Patients are hesitant to enter a dental hospital because of the significant danger of
cross infection and illness transmission due to rapid spread of corona virus.
Objective
To assess knowledge regarding Covid-19, oral health practices and circumstances on
dental treatment during a pandemic.
Method
Cross sectional study was conducted among patients visiting dental department
of Dhulikhel hospital from September to October 2020. Questionnaires were
interviewed following safety protocols regarding the pandemic and descriptive
analysis was performed. Both verbal and written consent as well as ethical approval
was taken before the study.
Result
A total 411 patients aged 14 to 75 years old from 14 different districts across Nepal
participated in the study. All of the patient were free of Covid-19 symptoms and had
strong knowledge and awareness about disease transmission. During the crisis 96%
of the people maintain good oral hygiene while 25.8% acquire new dental problems
where majority experienced oral discomfort and swelling, 93.2% of them did not
attend a dental clinic or hospital in the interim owing to fear and inaccessibility.
Majority of the participants were impressed by the safety precautions and
preparations during treatment and 99.3% strongly suggest or pledge to visit dental
department if necessary during the pandemic.
Conclusion
Dental patient visiting Dhulikhel hospital is highly aware of current health crisis,
possible transmission and preventive measures. Proper safe hospital setup can
encourage them to seek dental treatment during crisis. Dental pain and swelling
in Endodontic department recorded most common dental emergency during this
pandemic.
KEY WORDS
Circumstances, Covid-19, Dental patients, Knowledge, Nepal, Practice, Tertiary
hospital
Efficacy of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic Cream and Vibrator Device in Pain Reduction during Peripheral Venous Cannulation in a Tertiary Care Center of Central Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Paudel, B; Acharya, R; KC, N; KC, S
ABSTRACT
Background
Venous cannulation is a commonly performed procedure which often leads to patient
anxiety. Application of a vibrator device and or prior use of topical anesthetics are
proven methods to decrease associated pain.
Objective
To compare the clinical efficacy of prior use of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic
(EMLA) cream and vibrator device in pain reduction during peripheral venous
cannulation.
Method
A true experimental study was conducted in November 2019 among 78 patients
aged 20-60 years receiving peripheral cannulation at operation theatre. They
were included using consecutive sampling and sorted to interventional and non-
interventional group using simple random sampling lottery method. Participants
in the non-interventional group received peripheral cannulation using routine
technique whereas participants in the interventional group received topical Eutectic
Mixture of Local Anesthetic cream or vibrator device prior to cannulation. Perceived
post cannulation pain intensity was measured using numerical pain rating scale.
Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data comparison.
Result
The mean age of the participants was 40.57 ± 12.5 years. The median pain score of
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic cream, vibrator and no intervention was 3, 3
and 6 respectively. The reduction in median pain intensity was significantly greater
with topical anesthetic cream and vibrator device when compared to the non-
interventional group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Prior interventions with Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic or vibrator device are
useful in reducing pain intensity during peripheral venous cannulation. Routine use
of these in day to day practice could be a part of standard nursing care practice.
KEY WORDS
Cannulation, Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream, Pain, Venous, Vibrator
Comparative Study between the Use of Pigtail Catheters and Traditional Chest Tube Drain in Cases with Pneumothorax
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Vaidya, S; Karmacharya, RM; Shrestha, B; Adhikari, MM; Sharma, R; Khadka, S; Bhandar, N; Hada, G
ABSTRACT
Background
Pneumothorax is a condition in which air or other gas is present in the pleural cavity.
Mainstay of management of pneumothorax is to remove the air from the pleural
space usually done by chest tube insertion. There is still uncertainty whether minimal
invasive management with pigtail catheter is sufficient for the management of
pneumothorax.
Objective
To find the effectiveness, safety, tolerability, efficacy of pigtail catheters and large
bore chest tubes.
Method
Prospective comparative study was done in Dhulikhel Hospital between August
2019 till August 2021. Chest tube insertion used to be the only available treatment
modality till December 2020 (15 months). Following January 2021 after obtaining
ethical clearance for use of pigtail insertion for pneumothorax, this treatment
modality was done (8 months).
Result
Among 76 patients, 52(68.4%) underwent a large bore chest tube and 24 (34.6%)
pigtail catheter patients. Mean age of the patients was 48 years (SD 18.01). Duration
of hospital stay and length of hospital stay was more in large bore catheters and less in
pigtail catheters. Eight hours post tube placement of the expansion of the lungs was
present in pigtail and was statistically significant. Pain killer used in pigtail catheters
was limited to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for large bore catheter opioids
were added and were statistically significant.
Conclusion
Pigtail catheter is nearly effective as compared to traditional wide bore catheters.
KEY WORDS
Large bore chest tube, Painkillers, Pigtail, Pleural space, Pneumothorax
Oral Solid Dosage form Modification in Community Pharmacies of Kavrepalanchok and Bhaktapur Districts of Nepal
(Kathmandu University, 2022) Shrestha, J; Shrestha, A; Shrestha, B; Gamal, K; Manandhar, S; Koju, S; Koju Shrestha, R
ABSTRACT
Background
People may modify their oral solid dosage form of medicine to deal with problem
faced during medicine administration. The modification of dosage form may
adversely affect the quality, safety and efficacy of the medicine.
Objective
To investigate the causes and practices of oral solid dosage form modification among
the consumers going to community pharmacies.
Method
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in five community pharmacies
of Kavrepalanchok and Bhaktapur districts of Nepal. The consumers visiting these
pharmacies for their oral solid dosage form of medicine were invited to participate in
interview using structured questionnaire.
Result
Among 419 participants,13.6% of participants reported having problem of taking
intact medicine. Most of them (12.4% of total participants) experienced difficulty
swallowing the medicine. The swallowing difficulty is significantly associated with
age and sex (p < 0.05). Around one third (36.8%) of participant with medicine
administration problem modified the dosage form of medicines. One quarter of
medicine dosage form modifications (25.0%) were inappropriate. Medicine dosage
form modification is associated with age and number of daily medicine intake (p <
0.05). Among participants modifying dosage form of medicines, 66.7% were advised
to do so mainly by family and friends; 33.3% were modifying on their own and 76.2%
were unaware of possible effects of medicine dosage form modification. About 62.3%
of total participants were never asked about any problems on taking medicines by
doctor/pharmacists.
Conclusion
Difficulty swallowing medicines and medicine dosage form modification were
prevalent in the Nepalese population. Medicine dosage form modifications also
involved inappropriate modifications due to specialized design of such dosage forms.
So, it seems important to provide proper counseling while dispensing such dosage
forms.
KEY WORDS
Capsules, Dosage forms, Medication error, Oral medicine, Pharmaceutical
preparations, Tablets