Journal Issue: Volume: 59, No. 237, May (2021)
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Volume
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Issue Date
2021
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Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
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Articles
Septorhinoplasty among Patients who Visited the Outpatient Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Mahato, Nain Bahadur; Regmi, Deepak; Bista, Meera
Abstract:
Introduction: The nose is the central most part of the face, so any nasal deformities may cause a high level of psychological distress on one’s quality of life. Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct both functional as well as aesthetic problems of the nose. It enhances facial harmony and increases self-confidence. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of out-patients who underwent septorhinoplasty in a tertiary care centre in Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 5,760 patients who visited the outpatient department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College from April 2019 to September 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. A convenient sampling technique was used. The preoperative and postoperative assessment was done with the help of a rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of septorhinoplasty was 117 (2.03%) during the study period (95% Confidence Interval= 1.66-2.40). Among 117 patients, 67 (57.3%) were males and 50 (42.7%) were females. Among 117 patients, 85 (72.6%) patients underwent an open approach, while 32 (27.4%) patients underwent closed approach rhinoplasty for the correction of both aesthetic and functional problems.
Conclusions: This study concludes the prevalence of septorhinoplasty is low which may be due to the COVID-19 pandemic during the study period.
Scrub Typhus among Febrile Children in a Tertiary Care Center of Central Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bhandari, Isha; Malla, Kalpana Karmacharya; Ghimire, Pukar; Bhandari, Bibek
Abstract:
Introduction: Scrub typhus is a mite borne infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, obligate intracellular bacteria, transmitted by chigger mites. Scrub typhus is an emerging febrile illness with clinical suspicion being the only key to diagnosis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Scrub typhus among febrile children in a tertiary care center of central Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in the pediatric inpatients of a tertiary care hospital after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee of Institute (Reference number 2020-105). Convenient sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for the Social Science version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 1024 febrile patients, prevalence of scrub typhus among febrile children was 55 (5.37%) (3.66-7.08 at 90% Confidence Interval). Of 55 patients, mean age was 9.2 years with 52 (94.6%) of cases diagnosed between July to November. Among 55 patients, other symptoms were vomiting 33 (60%), headache 22 (40%), abdominal pain 19 (34.5%), cough 15 (27.3%), nausea (25.5%), seizure 11 (20 %), and dyspnea 6 (10.9%). Major clinical signs was lymphadenopathy 29 (52.7%). Major complication noted was meningitis 11 (20%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of scrub typhus is considerably high during July to November so it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of fever particularly in this period.
Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request among Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Shrestha, Dipty; Saha, Rachana; Mahato, Shilpi
Abstract:
Introduction: Caesarean delivery on maternal request in absence of any maternal and fetal indications and has become a concerning issue among obstetricians. It seems to be one of the contributory factors of increased cesarean rate all over the world. This study aims to find out the prevalence of cesarean delivery on maternal request among cesarean deliveries in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1st 2019 to February 1st 2020 among women undergoing cesarean section in a tertiary care hospital. The ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (reference number: 201120192). Convenient sampling was used. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 386 cesarean sections, maternal request was the indication in 72 (18.65%) (95% Confidence Interval = 14.76–22.54) mothers. Among the 72, 38 (52.7%) chose cesarean section for fear of labor pain, 14 (19.4%) for date-of-birth selection, 10 (13.8%) for anxiety of labor pain, because of cord around the neck in four (5.5%), male baby in three (4.1%), to avoid pelvic trauma in two (2.7%), and to go abroad in one (1.3%).
Conclusions: Our study showed a prevalence of cesarean delivery on maternal request higher than other national studies but was similar to the global prevalence. The commonest reasons were fear of labor followed by date-of-birth selection.
Osteoporosis among Postmenopausal Women Attending the Orthopedics Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Panta, Sunil; Neupane, Madhu; Thapa, Shrawan Kumar; Sapkota, Kalyan
Abstract:
Introduction: Osteoporosis and resulting fracture is a major public health concern worldwide. With increase in life expectancy, osteoporosis and fragility fracture is expected to be more prevalent. It is associated with high patient morbidity, while hip and vertebral fractures have high mortality. The real burden of the problem is yet to be established in developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to find out the prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women visiting a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 postmenopausal women attending at Orthopedic Outpatient Department of Bharatpur Hospital from 1st January 2019 to 30th December 2019 with postmenopausal status. The ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Bharatpur Hospital. Convenience sampling technique was used. Bone Mineral Density was estimated with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan Statistical Package for Social Science was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 89 postmenopausal women, 29 (32.58%) (Confidence Interval = 32.48-32.68) women had osteoporosis. The mean age and Bone Mineral Density were 62.16±8.17 years and 0.968±0.14 g/cm² respectively. The women with history of fragility fracture had low bone mineral density.
Conclusions: Prevalence of osteoporosis was high. Women with history of fragility fracture are at increased risk of another fragility fracture. It is hence necessary to have awareness programs and early screening to minimize the magnitude of morbidity and mortality associated with osteoporosis.
Onychomycosis among Clinically Suspected Cases Attending the Dermatology Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Jha, Beena; Sharma, Manisha; GC, Sagar; Sapkota, Jyotshna
Abstract:
Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail apparatus caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts. Although onychomycosis is rarely life threatening, its high incidence and the associated morbidity makes it an important public health problem. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of onychomycosis among clinically suspected patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a total of 200 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis attending the Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital within the period of one year from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020. Ethical approval (Reference: 150320196) was taken and convenience sampling was done. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 200 clinically suspected cases prevalence of onychomycosis was found to be 40 (20%) (Confidence Interval = 19.94-20.06) by both direct microscopy and culture. Onychomycosis was commonest among age group of 21-40 years and more predominant among male patients 60 (65.21%). The fingernails were frequently involved i.e., 58 (63%) cases followed by toenails 34 (21%). Dermatophytes were the most common type of fungal infection accounting for 25 (62.5%).
Conclusions: The study highlighted dermatophytes as the most common clinical pattern of onychomycosis and Trichophyton rubrum as the most common aetiological agent causing onychomycosis.