Journal Issue: Vol. 62 No. 277 (2024) SEPTEMBER
Loading...
Volume
Number
Issue Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Addressing Errors in Scientific Publishing: The Role of Errata
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Regmi, Sushant
Impact of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packs among Current Smokers of Sub-Metropolitan City of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Ashish; Bhagat, Tarakant; Agrawal, Santosh Kumari; Limbu, Binita
Abstract
Introduction: Pictorial health warning on cigarette packs is one of the strategies undertaken by Nepal Government as per the directive of World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to control smoking. It has been more than a decade since the introduction of pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in Nepal. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the pictorial warnings among current smokers of Dharan, Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among current smokers visiting local shops located near ward offices of Dharan after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 204/080/01 -IRC). A structured and validated Nepali questionnaire was used to interview the smokers about the impact of the pictorial warnings based on their noticeability, behavioural and cognitive responses. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The responses of the participants were tabulated in frequencies and percentages.
Results: The pictorial warnings were noticed by 277 (98.93%) participants in past one month out of which 11 (3.93%) smokers had always read or looked closely at them. Smoking less frequently was the behaviour change reported by 70 (25%) participants and smoking less around others was reported by and 56 (20%) participants. In total, 189 (67.50%) smokers had thought about the harms of smoking and 160 (57.14%) had intention to quit smoking due to the pictorial warnings.
Conclusions: The pictorial health warnings were not so effective in bringing about changes in smoking behaviour of smokers.
Household and Environmental Typhoid Fever Transmission in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Yushananta, Prayudhy; Putri, Muflichah Febriani Eka
Abstract
Introduction: Typhoid fever is an endemic disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. A case-control study was conducted to understand the risk factors for typhoid fever.
Methods: A case-control method to compare past exposure between participants who had typhoid fever (cases) and participants who did not have typhoid fever (controls) after obtaining ethical approval (No. 244/KEPK-TJK/III/2023). We identified and surveyed patients with typhoid fever confirmed by blood culture. Control subjects were randomly selected neighbors of cases with no history of typhoid fever. Both cases and controls were interviewed at home. A structured observation of their living environment was performed. Multivariable analysis was applied using logistic regression and odds ratio to evaluate the relationship between exposure and risk of typhoid fever. Data collected was entered into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) after being checked for completeness, edited, and coded.
Results: The study found that typhoid fever was significantly associated with not washing hands with soap (Adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] = 6.08; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.43 - 15.21), eating unwashed raw vegetables (AOR=4.63; 95% CI 1.62 - 11.73); eating mobile food (AOR= 10.89; 95% CI 4.08 - 29.05); eating street food (AOR=3.28; 95% CI 1.27 - 8.45); no access to safe drinking water (AOR=6.08; 95% CI 2.11 - 17.52); no access to healthy latrines (AOR=3.59; 95% CI 1.47 - 8.78).
Conclusions: The study found that typhoid fever was associated with inadequate food and personal hygiene, and poor housing.
Characterization of Etiology and Pattern of Dental Extraction among Patients Presenting to Dental Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shakya, Mamata; Adhikari, Bhoj Raj; Chaurasia, Nitesh; Upadhyaya, Chandan; Rauniyar, Dilip Prasad; Rijal, Arjun Hari; Nepal, Manisha
Mamata Shakya
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
Bhoj Raj Adhikari
Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Nitesh Chaurasia
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Chandan Upadhyaya
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Dilip Prasad Rauniyar
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Arjun Hari Rijal
Department of Periodontology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Manisha Nepal
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal