Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14572/6

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 4253

Mean Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Kayastha, Prakash; Paudel, Sharma; Gurung, Ghanshyam; Kumar, Pradeep; Upadhyaya, Rudra Prasad; Tuladhar, Sasmita; Adhikari, Govinda; Maharjan, Santosh
Abstract: Introduction: Sonographic carotid intima media thickness measurement in diabetic patients is an important tool for estimating the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It is a simple, noninvasive and widely available tool which can give idea of further treatment needed. The objective of this study was to determine the mean intima media complex thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care center. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in 64 patients with the type II diabetes mellitus patients visiting diabetic clinic of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, sent for carotid Doppler examination in the department of radiology and imaging. Ethical approval was taken from the Instituitonal Review Board. Convenient sampling method was used. Carotid intima media thickness was measured on both sides and mean intima media thickness was calculated. Mean intima media thickness for male and female diabetic patients was also calculated separately. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean carotid intima media thickness was 0.86±0.13mm with range from 0.7mm to 1.3mm. Mean intima media thickness in male was 0.832±0.094mm and in female it was 0.904±0.144mm. Among 64 patients, 30 (46.8%) were female and 34 (53.3%) were male. Age of the patients ranged from 35 years to 68 years with mean age of 52.4±6.54 years. Conclusions: Carotid intima media thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus showed higher values than that of mean value from study done in similar study. Female had higher mean intima media thickness than male.
Anemia among Patients Attending Anti-retroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Shah, Bibhant; Karki, Lochan; Mandal, Rajesh Kumar
Abstract: Introduction: Hematologic abnormalities are among the most common complications of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. These abnormalities are due to: impaired hematopoiesis, immune mediated cytopenias and altered coagulation mechanisms. Anemia is the most frequent,however, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia have also been observed. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of anemia in patients attending anti-retroviral therapy at a tertiary care center of Nepal. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to August 2019 in patients attending anti-retroviral therapy at a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of National Academy of Medical Sciences before starting the study (Reference number 267). Convenient sampling was used for this study. Data were analysed using the Statistical package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 90% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for the binary data. Results: The prevalence of anemia among patients attending anti-retroviral therapy centers in our study was found in 29 (58%) (46.55-69.45 at 90% Confidence Interval). Out of those patients, 20 (63%) were male and 9 (50%) were female. The mean hemoglobin value was 11.946±2.51g/dl. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia among patients attending antiretroviral therapy in our study was found to be high which is consistent with the findings of other similar international studies. These patients should be routinely monitored and treated for the occurrence of hematological abnormalities.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Moderate to Severe Fixed Flexion Deformity in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) KC, Kapil Mani; RC, Dirgha Raj; Marahatta, Suman Babu; Pangeni, Bandhu Ram
Abstract: Introduction: Performing the total knee arthroplasty in moderate to severe fixed flexion deformity, appropriate resection of bone from distal femur along with proper ligament balancing is mandatory in order to get the reasonable intraoperative correction. The aim of our study is to find out the prevalence of total knee arthroplasty among knees with moderate to severe fixed flexion deformity in a tertiary care center. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from hospital records of 2013 to 2019 in elderly patients with moderate to severe fixed flexion deformity in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Ethical clearance (14/2020) was taken from Institutional Review Board. Convenience sampling was used and statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 16.0). Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 400 knees with moderate to severe fixed flexion deformity, the prevalence of total knee arthroplasty was found to be 80 knees (20%) (16.08-23.92 at 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of total knee arthroplasty is comparable to other study. In our study total knee arthroplasty can be performed successfully with excellent functional outcomes in patients with moderate to severe fixed flexion deformity of knee joint provided the joint stability is maintained by appropriate ligamentous balancing.
Endoscopic Septoturbinoplasty among Patients Undergoing Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Mahato, Nain Bahadur; Bista, Meera; Bhandari, Bhuwan; Pradhan, Rosi
Abstract: Introduction: Septoplasty without turbinoplasty is one of the main reasons for failure of procedure in case of deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Septoturbinoplasty is the procedure of choice for complete treatment. The main objective is to find out the prevalence of endoscopic septoturbinoplasty among patients undergoing surgery in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery done over a period of 1 year duration from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021 among 1248 patients who underwent surgery in the department. Ethical Approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 2207202004). A convenience sampling technique was used. Two different techniques, Microdebrider Assisted Turbinoplasty and Outfracture with Submucosal Diathermy were used in surgery. Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale questionnaire was used pre and postoperatively for data collection. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations. Results: Out of 1248 patients, about 92 (7.37%) patients (4.95-10.14 at 95% Confidence Interval) underwent septoturbinoplasty. The mean Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale before surgery was 75.21±6.19. Conclusions: The prevalence of septoturbinoplasty in our study is similar to other studies done in similar settings. We found almost complete resolution of breathing problems following endoscopic septoturbinoplasty, hence improving quality of life.
Hyponatremia in Chronic Liver Disease among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bhandari, Abashesh; Chaudhary, Ashlesha
Abstract: Introduction: Hyponatremia is a frequent problem in chronic liver disease. To the best of our knowledge, no study of hyponatremia in chronic liver disease has been conducted in our setting. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with chronic liver disease attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 patients with chronic liver disease attending the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2020 and July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 028-077/078). Convenience sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Calculation of point estimate at 95% confidence interval was done along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 114 patients with chronic liver disease studied, 47 (41.22%) (32.18-50.25 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients had hyponatremia (≤130mmol/L) with mean age of 53.44±7.57 years. Thirty (63.8%) patients out of these were males and 17 (36.2%) patients were females. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with chronic liver disease was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.
Ocular Morbidity among Patients Visiting the Department of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2021 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bastola, Pradeep; Dahal, Polina
Abstract: Introduction: Due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2021 pandemic and lockdown, eye care services have been compromised globally. The magnitude of ocular diseases across all populations in Nepal are few and far between and rare during this pandemic. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of ocular morbidity among patients visiting the department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital during the pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting the department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital from 18 August 2021 to 30 September 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference: 078/079-023). Convenience sampling was done. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, visual status and prevalence of ocular morbidities were noted. Data entry was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Out of 650 study subjects examined, 454 (69.8%) (66-73.0 at 95% Confidence Interval) study subjects had at least one ocular morbidity in at least one eye. Refractive error 153 (33.7%) was the commonest ocular morbidity followed by headache 52 (11.5%), dry eyes 50 (11%), non-communicable diseases related ocular morbidity 41 (9%), and age related cataract 37 (8.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular morbidity in our study was higher than findings from other similar studies done at national and international levels, though the causes of ocular morbidity was similar.
Impacted Canine in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Pant, Bashu Dev; Rajbhandari, Anjana; Pradhan, Resina; Bajracharya, Manju; Manandhar, Pushkar; Maharjan, Surendra; Pun, Dilli Bahadur; Sah, Barun Kumar
Abstract: Introduction: Impacted canine is a frequently encountered clinical problem during orthodontic practice with different prevalence in each region. Treatment usually requires an interdisciplinary approach which is difficult and time consuming. Surgical exposure of the impacted tooth and the complex orthodontic mechanisms are used to align the tooth into the arch. This study was designed to find out the prevalence of impacted canine in orthodontic patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done with hospital records of patients from 15 to 38 years of age visited department of Orthodontics at a tertiary care hospital from August 2020 to March 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Convenience sampling method was used. Patients Orthopantomogram and clinical notes were thoroughly evaluated. To locate position of impacted canine cone-beam computed tomography images were used. The data was collected and entered in Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 99% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 1008 patients, 44 (4.37%) (2.71-6.03 at 99% Confidence Interval) patients had impacted canines. Among them, maxillary canine impaction was seen in 38 (3.77%) and mandibular canine impaction in 6 (0.60%). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of impacted canines was found lower than previous studies done in similar settings. Large number of patients had buccal impaction compared to palatal impaction.
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women Delivering in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Thapa, Taniya; Sharma, Sabita; Sigdel, Dipa; Silwal, Kalpana; Joshi, Alisha
Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a major health issue with limited studies conducted so far in Chitwan, Nepal regarding adverse perinatal outcomes in obstetric population. This study aimed to find prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women delivering in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Chitwan, Nepal during the study period of six months from 15th Jan 2019- 16th July 2019 after getting ethical approval from Chitwan Medical College-Institutional Review Committee (Reference number-2075/076042). Women were selected via convenience sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data whereas, data related to the fetomaternal outcomes were obtained from patient charts and delivery record books. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was found to be 91 (6.43%) (3.83-9.03 at 95% Confidence Interval) representing 71 (78.1%), 12 (13.2%), and 8 (8.7%) as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively. Conclusions: The burden of pregnancy induced hypertension was found quite higher as compared to other similar studies done in Nepal. Gestational hypertension was most common type.
Experience Sharing: First and Second Year of a Medical College
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Shah, Suveksha Shaurya
Abstract: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery has been a dream before it even began. This journey of half a decade is more fun than just a roller coaster ride, with numerous ups and downs and after each ride we have become stronger and prepared to embrace any challenge that life throws at us. The epic experience of medicine is not only confined to books but lies within us. Medical learning is a combination of art ,skills and knowledge for practicing medicine. Here I have shared my experience of first and second year of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.
Cancer Prevention Strategies for Nepal Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Shrestha, Deepak Sundar; Love, Richard R.; Paudel, Bishnu Dutta
Abstract: In Nepal, the commonest major malignancies and causes of cancer death are lung, cervix, stomach, breast, head and neck (lip, mouth, pharynx, larynx), gallbladder, ovary and liver. There are seven cancer-causative exposures which should be the focus of attention such as; tobacco smoking in 29% of men, and 6% of women, solid fuel burning in 69% of homes (multiple cancers), betel-nut chewing in 40 % of men and 3% of women (head and neck cancers), alcohol abuse (liver and other cancers), Human Papilloma Virus (cervical cancer), Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer) and Hepatitis B virus (liver cancer). To better address these reducible exposures, we suggest greater targeted strategies in three areas: Public health messaging for tobacco, solid-fuel burning, betel-nut, and alcohol; national policies for Hepatitis B virus vaccination; and analytic epidemiological and interventional research for Human Papilloma Virus and helicobacter.
Management of Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Review
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Ghimire, Pradeep
Abstract: Enterocutaneous fistula is any communication between bowel and skin or atmosphere outside the body. It can be classified by various means by etiology, organ of origin, etc. Enterocutaneous fistula can occur after any gastrointestinal surgery where there is some trauma during surgery or other associated causes such as malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, foreign body, etc. Enterocutaneous fistula needs a multidisciplinary approach as its management is a very tedious and complex process. Sepsis, malnutrition, and dyselectrolytemia are three key factors during the management of enterocutaneous fistula, so these should be properly addressed for better and efficient outcomes. There is excess fistula effluent which should be replaced adequately in high output fistula. The nutrition of the patient plays a vital role in the success of enterocutaneous fistula management so if the patient can tolerate oral or enteral feeding should be commenced as soon as possible otherwise parenteral nutrition should be advised. Wound care should be done aggressively, proper skincare, timely drainage of any localised abscesses should be done. Patients should be properly resuscitated and stabilised before any definitive investigations and management. Surgical therapy can be staged and should not be rushed which results in failure of this complex disease process.
Vascular Injury to the Neck by a Bamboo Stick: A Case Report
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Vaidya, Satish; Karmacharya, Robin Man; Bhatt, Swechha; Paudel, Bijaya; Neupane, Manish
Abstract: Penetrating neck injuries causing rupture of sternocleidomastoid muscle along with transection of major vessels of the neck have significant morbidity and mortality due to the risk of severe hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. However, there are no universal guidelines for the management of penetrating neck injuries. Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old female with a lacerated wound on the left side of the neck with a complete transection of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle along with transection of internal jugular vein and two superficial branches of internal carotid artery following penetrating injury to the neck by a bamboo stick. It was managed by emergency wound exploration with ligation of the injured vessels with repair of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Post-operatively the hemorrhage was controlled and the patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. Thus, in a case of penetrating injury to the neck, prompt surgical wound exploration is beneficial.
Diagnostic Dilemma of Widespread Vesiculobullous Lesions: A Case Report Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Khadka, Nisha; Shakya, Subij; Khatiwada, Dikshya; Budhathoki, Pravash; Bhattarai, Tulsi Ram
Abstract: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis represent a spectrum of severe mucocutaneous reactions, while Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus is a variant of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Both are rare conditions, with significant morbidity and mortality; often indistinguishable clinically and pose a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. We hereby present a unique case of a 17 years old female who presented with widespread vesiculobullous lesions with peeling, desquamation, and crusting of the skin surface, non-scarring alopecia, oral and nasal ulcers, as well as two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The patient had a history of intake of itraconazole tablets for a week, 25 days before the disease manifestation.
Anuria, an Atypical Presentation of Leptospirosis: A Case Report
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Khanal, Shambhu; Pokhrel, Biraj; Pokhrel, Madalasha; Thapa, Rukshar; Nepali, Rabin
Abstract: Leptospirosis, an underreported disease, is a highly prevalent spirochaetal zoonotic disease in both tropical and temperate climates. Symptoms can range from mild illness to potentially life-threatening infection. Laboratory tests are nonspecific. Microbiological confirmation is not widely available in endemic developing countries like Nepal. We need to rely on the serologic test, which has its own pitfalls in the initial days of illness. Here, we report a case of 56 years old female from the western region of Nepal who presented with fever, jaundice and anuria. She initially tested negative for leptospirosis but was later found to be positive in the second week of illness. Unlike the usual non-oliguric renal failure in leptospirosis, she presented with anuria requiring haemodialysis and subsequently had a good recovery with treatment. We highlight the importance of clinical suspicion and logical interpretation of serologic tests based on its timing from the onset of illness.
Complications among Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Tertiary Care Centers of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Neupane, Harish Chandra; Tamang, Tseten Yonjen; Timalsina, Santosh; Tamrakar, Kishor Kumar; Bhattarai, Abhishek
Abstract: Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure), even after significant evolution, continues to be associated with a high morbidity. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of complications following pancreaticoduodenectomies performed by a single surgeon over a span of 20 years in tertiary care hospitals of Nepal. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from hospital records of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1999 and 2019 at different institutions in Chitwan, where the principal author was involved. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling was done. Patients’ clinical characteristics and diagnoses were noted. Data entry was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 327 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, complications were found in 125 (38.2%) (32.9-43.7 at 95% Confidence Interval). Respiratory complications were the commonest 32 (9.8%), followed by septicemia 25 (7.6%) and cardiac complications 24 (7.3%). Delayed gastric emptying and postoperative pancreatic fistula were seen in 11 (6.8%) and 4 (2.5%) in the first decade respectively. In the second decade, delayed gastric emptying was noted in 2 (1.2%) and postoperative pancreatic fistula in 1 (0.6%) patient. Conclusions: The prevalence of complications in our study was comparable to other national and international studies. Surgery-specific complications such as delayed gastric emptying and postoperative pancreatic fistula showed a decline over the decade.
Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Female Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Jha, Reena Kumari; Jha, Mina
Abstract: Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that impairs quality of life and carries an increased risk of suicidal attempts. Hormonal changes may underlie these symptoms. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students of a medical college in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 266 healthy young females in a medical college of Nepal from 21st June 2021 to 31st August 2021 with approval from the Institutional Review Committee 51/2021. Convenience sampling was done. Self-rated questionnaire of premenstrual symptoms screening tool was used to evaluate premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool reflects and ‘translates’ categorical Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria into a rating scale with degrees of severity. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for the binary data. Results: Out of 266 female students, we found that the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 10 (3.8%) (1.50-6.10 at 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in our study was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.
Stress Fractures among Paramilitary Trainee Visiting a Paramilitary Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Shrestha, Sailendra Kumar Duwal; Basnet, Ajaya; Karki, Netra Bahadur; Nepal, Prabin; Karki, Umash; KC, Samir; Shrestha, Kumar; Tamang, Basanta; Shrestha, Mahendra Raj
Abstract: Introduction: Young paramilitary recruits, who undergo strenuous exercise during basic training, are often presented with stress fractures, which could be due to an inadequate vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) intake. This study aimed to find the prevalence of stress fracture among young paramilitary trainees visiting the orthopedic outpatient department of a paramilitary hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among paramilitary trainees in a paramilitary Hospital of Nepal between April 2019 to April 2021. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (Reference number: 1003) of the Nepal Health Research Council. Convenience sampling was used. Anthropometric variables, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and bone mineral density of spine and hip were determined. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency, proportion for binary data and mean, standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among 417 young paramilitary trainees, 24 (5.76%) (3.52-7.99 at 95% Confidence Interval) were found to have a stress fracture. The stress fracture patients had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 21.47ng/mL±6.98. Similarly, the bone mineral density value of the spine and hip among the patients was -1.34g/cm2±1.37 and 0.36g/cm2±1.24, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of stress fracture among young paramilitary trainee was high compared to previous studies. Additionally, average Vitamin D and the bone mineral density value of the spine and the total hip among stressed fractured patients were also low.
Abdominal Obesity among Outpatients in a Tertiary Level Eye ENT Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Upadhyay, Madan Prasad; Upadhyay, Sanjib Kumar; Bhattarai, Janak Raj; Khatri, Bijay; Shrestha, Rajan
Abstract: Introduction: Abdominal obesity, as abnormal fat accumulation that presents a risk to health, is a global epidemic. There is evidence to support a trait of abdominal adipose deposition despite normal body mass index in south asian populations with greater cardiometabolic risks. Thus, this study aimed to find out the prevalence of abdominal obesity using the waist to height ratio among outpatients in a tertiary level hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal from January 2016 to December 2018. Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council (Reference no. 207/2019). Convenience sampling was done. The data were entered into excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. Point estimate at 99% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 25,511 participants, 21,834 (85.6%) (85.0- 86.2 at 99% Confidence Interval) participants had abdominal obesity using Waist-to-Height Ratio, higher in women 12,397 (86.4%) than men 9,437 (84.5%). The mean age of the participants was 53.37±13.15 years and more than half 17,075 (55.7%) of all participants were female. Conclusions: The prevalence of abdominal obesity among hospital outpatients is higher than in other community-based studies. As hospitals attract large crowds and provide excellent opportunities for screening patients, their attendants, as well as providing opportunities for health promotion, we recommend the introduction of opportunistic obesity screening in all health facilities using weight to height ratio in a phased manner.
Self-medication among Medical Students and Staffs of a Tertiary Care Centre during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Authors
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Acharya, Anna; Shrestha, Marina Vaidya; Karki, Dimindra
Abstract: Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice worldwide. Major problems related to self-medication are wastage of resources, increased resistance of pathogens, adverse reactions, and prolonged suffering. This study aimed to find the prevalence of self-medication among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students and staffs of a tertiary care centre from 1st November to 30th November, 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2710202102). Convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Online questionnaires consisting of information on self-medication and socio-demographic characteristics were used. The data was transferred into an Excel spreadsheet and later was exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 383 participants, the prevalence of self-medication during the pandemic was 193 (50.4%) (45.39-55.40 at 95% Confidence Interval). About half of the respondents 90 (50.3%) who self-medicated purchased the medicines directly from the pharmacy. The most consumed medicines were Paracetamol 128 (18.9%), Vitamin C 126 (18.6%), Zinc 86 (12.7%), Multivitamins 75 (11.1%), and Vitamin D 65 (9.6%) followed by Azithromycin 54 (8%), cough syrup 53 (7.8%) and Ibuprofen 46 (6.8%). Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower compared to that of other developing countries. Paracetamol and Vitamin C are the most consumed drugs for self-medication and Azithromycin is the most used prescription-only drug for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stereoacuity among Undergraduate Medical and Nursing Students at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Adhikari, Pragati Gautam; Shah, Sangam; Bhatta, Nikita; Mandal, Prince; Paudel, Basanta Sharma; Pokhrel, Apil; Koirala, Bipin; Shah, Chiranjiwi Prasad
Abstract: Introduction: Stereopsis is defined as the ability to perceive object depth. It is measured in seconds of arc. Reduced stereoacuity impinges one's academic as well as a professional performance. Hence in this study, we aim to find out the mean stereoacuity among the undergraduate medical and nursing students using the Titmus fly test. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at a medical college of Nepal from April 2021 to July 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review committee (Registration number: 487 (6-11) E2 077/078). Simple random sampling method was used. Data were collected from undergraduate medical and nursing students while the post-graduate students were excluded from the study. Overall, 80 students were included in the study. Titmus fly test was used to assess the stereopsis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with mean, standard deviation, frequency, and proportion. Results: The mean stereoacuity was 62.63±46.56 (range 40-800) sec of arc (52.77–72.49 at 90% Confidence Interval). A total of 80 participants in our study among which 50 (62.5%) were male and 30 (37.5%)were female. About 41 (51.2%) of the study participants had normal, borderline (>40 and ≤ 120) stereopsis was seen in 35 (43.8%) of the study participants while only 4 (5%) had reduced stereopsis (≥120 sec of arc). Conclusions: This study showed that the mean stereoacuity among the undergraduate medical and nursing students was in subnormal range which was similar to other studies.

Browse

Recent Submissions