Browsing by Author "Aryal, Umesh Raj"
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Publication A comparative study on adult mortality of Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2009) Aryal, Umesh Raj; Lohani, Shyam Prasad; Upadhyaya, Surath; Sinha, Ram ChandraAbstract Background: Adult mortality (15-49 years) is one of the major public health issues which remains neglected in many developing counties like Nepal. Only limited data are available which is insufficient to identify the cause and level of mortality among adults. Objectives: The aim of the study is to explore and compare the adult mortality rate of Nepal between 1996, 2001 and 2006 surveys. Materials and methods: This is comparative study conducted by using secondary data extracted from Nepal Family Health Survey (NFHS, 1996), National Census Report 2001 and Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS, 2006). Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel soft ware. The adjusted mortality rates were computed using 2001 census population as standard population. Result: This studied showed there was statistical evidence of declining age specific mortality rate between 1996 and 2006 survey for both men and women respectively (p<0.05). Annually adult men mortality rate and adult women mortality rate was found to be declining by 1% and 3. 2% respectively. Women mortality rate declined by 2.26 times as compared to men mortality rate over ten year’s period. Conclusion: There is a need of in-depth analysis of adult mortality in the developing countries like Nepal. Keyword: Adult mortality, NepalPublication Prevalence of Abuse and its Associated Factors among Elder Population Living in Kawasoti Municipality of Nepal(Central Department of Public Health, 2024) Kafle, Bharat; Bhattarai, Preeti; Shrestha, Aman; Aryal, Umesh Raj; Joshi, Lok Raj; Amgain, Kapil; Koirala, Sagar; Sanjel, SeshanandaAbstract Background: Elder abuse is a growing public health problem. To tackle the elder issues World Health Organization, declare for the decade of healthy ageing from 2020 to 2030, where Nepal is not exception from this goal. Thus, the study aims to assess the prevalence of abuse and its associated factors among elder population living in Kawasoti Municipality. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted, taking 422 elders who were 60 years and above. The face-to-face interviews were conducted from October 2018 to January 2019. The collected data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and was exported to SPSS 26 version. The logistic regression was performed to measure associated between overall abuse and its covariates. Results: The overall prevalence of elder abuse was 43.8% and caregiver neglect was the most reported form of elder abuse. Study found that nuclear family [OR=0.42, 95% CI;0.18-0.97], illiterate [OR: 2.01, 95% CI; 1.11-3.96], family members have no migrated to another country [OR=0.57, 95% CI; 0.33-0.97], health condition was bad [OR= 1.92, 95% CI; 1.15-3.21], elder who did not depend on their daily activities on family members [OR=0.25, 95% CI; 0.12-0.52], and those who had consumed tobacco [OR= 1.91, CI; 1.19-3.06] were associated with elder abuse. Conclusion: The finding suggests that good health, a nuclear family, literacy, family members not migrated to another country, and independence in daily activities strongly reduce elder abuse. To address this, it is essential to implement awareness programs, and ageing population for their economic sustainability activities, and healthy and active aging life.Publication Prevalence of Early Marriage and its Concomitant Factors Among Married Women of Raskot, Kalikot, Nepal: A Community Led Cross-Sectional Study(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2024) Mahat, Srijana; Pokhrel, Bishal; Sanjel, Seshananda; Aryal, Umesh RajAbstract: Introduction: Early marriage is a public health issue caused by many interconnected factors. It has been a problem in Nepal for many years and differs across districts, as well as among various ethnic and religious groups. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of early marriage and explore its accompanying factors among the women of Raskot, Kalikot, Nepal. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the married women of Raskot, Kalikot, from November 2023 to January 2024, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (IRC-KAHS) (Ref:079/080/19). A face-to-face interview was conducted with the participants selected by using the cluster random sampling, and descriptive information on participants’ age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, and marital status was collected. Results: A total of 200 married women participated, with a mean age of 34.89 years. Of the total participants, 69.5% reported getting married before the age of 18 years. A significant portion (71.5%) were aware of early marriage consequences, including abortion, maternal mortality, and high fertility rates. Key causes included illiteracy (69%) and peer influence (56.5%). Most participants (89.5%) were engaged in agriculture, and 79.6% did not continue education after marriage. Awareness of appropriate marriage age was high (92.5%). Conclusion: Although early marriage is decreasing in the Kalikot district, many still marry before the age of 18, the trend indicating that the lack of awareness about the appropriate age for marriage might not be the main reason behind the practice.Publication Prevalence of Spinal Injuries among Autopsied Cases of Traumatic Deaths(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Acharya, Apurba; Bhattarai, Kushal; Rokaya, Poojan Kumar; Aryal, Umesh Raj; Kaphle, Sushma; Bista, Binamra; Khatiwada, AmitBackground: Traumatic deaths, resulting from spinal injuries are significant issue in Nepal. The study aims to assess the prevalence of spinal injuries amongst the traumatic death cases brought in for autopsy in Jumla and to provide their socio-demographic profile. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS) from 16th July 2021 to 16th July 2023 incorporating all the traumatic deaths brought for autopsy. The data was collected using a proforma which included the modality of trauma, spinal involvement, seasons associated with trauma and demographic variables of the deceased. The data was analyzed using both Microsoft excel and SPSS 23.0. Results: A total of 55 cases were brought for autopsy following traumatic death with road traffic accident (45.45%) and fall injuries (29.1%) being the most common mode of trauma. Among all traumatic deaths, 29.1% cases presented with spinal injuries. The cervical spine (68.8%) was the most commonly affected spine followed by thoracic (12%), lumbar spine (6.3%) and two cases with multiple spinal involvement. Of all the spinal injury cases in traumatic deaths, the highest and the lowest number of cases occurred during spring and summer season respectively. Conclusions: Traumatic deaths caused by spinal injuries after fall and road traffic accidents is a common phenomenon in Jumla. Thus, timely preventive measures associated with these deaths needs to be addressed to reduce them. Keywords: Autopsy; deaths; Jumla; spinal injuries; trauma.