Browsing by Author "Bhattarai, Amit Sharma"
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Publication Anaesthetic Management of Foreign Body Bronchus: Profile of Cases Appearing at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital: An Observational Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2025) Koirala, Megha; Parajuli, Bashu Dev; Joshi, Pankaj; Ghimire, Basanta; Bhattarai, Amit SharmaAbstract Introduction: Rigid bronchoscopy is the preferred method for extracting airway foreign bodies, as it allows grasping forceps to extract foreign bodies while maintaining ventilation through a side port. The main challenge to the Anesthesiologists is to maintain oxygenation and ventilation while sharing the common field with the surgeons. This study intends to evaluate our current practices, challenges, and intraoperative events to enhance patient safety during these procedures. Methods:This is a prospective observational study that included patients with suspected or confirmed bronchial foreign bodies who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from February 2023 to February 2025. Data were collected by the anesthesiologists using the structured proforma, covering the anesthetic technique, complications, and details of foreign bodies. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. Results: A total of 41 rigid bronchoscopies were performed, including three repeat procedures. Intraoperative complications included desaturation in 29, vocal cord edema in 16, slipping of foreign body in 8, bradycardia and airway bleeding in 6 cases each. Postoperatively, 23 patients required mechanical ventilation, and one patient experienced cardiac arrest. During preoperative preparation, intravenous glycopyrrolate and steroids were used in 38 and 34 cases, respectively. For induction and maintenance, Intravenous anesthesia was the most common technique, with muscle relaxants used in 39 cases. Of the 41 bronchoscopies, 30 achieved successful foreign body removal, while five required thoracotomy referrals. Conclusions: Anesthetic management of rigid bronchoscopy requires careful planning, vigilant monitoring and collaboration. Deasturation is the most frequent complication during removal of a foreign body bronchus.Publication Interrater Variability among Anaesthesiologists Using American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System(Nepal Health Research Council, 2023) Bhattarai, Amit Sharma; Bista, Navindra Raj; Basnet, Madindra Bahadur; Joshi, Deepak Raj; Shrestha, AnilAbstract Background: The American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status classification is deployed by the anaesthesiologists worldwide to classify operative surgical patients. Many studies have found moderate degree of interrater variability among anaesthesiologists. The general objective of the study was to find out interrater variability among Nepalese anesthesiologists using this classification system in Nepal. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the correctness of assignment and inter-rater variability among anaesthesiologists based on their experience. Methods: Ten clinical cases were distributed among 130 registered anaesthesiologist practitioners of Nepal after validation with the experts. Respondents were asked to assign each of ten cases to a specific physical status class. Anaesthesiologists were classified to two classes based on clinical experience as having more or less than five years of experience. Results: We found substantial agreement among < 5 year’s (0.66) and > 5 year’s experience group (0.753) and among all raters (0.736). The mean score of the group with less than 5 years of experience was more. There was no significant difference between the mean score (p = 0.595). Overall mean score for the both groups was 5.66 with SD 1.66. There was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The study shows that there is very less variation among registered practising anaesthesiologists of Nepal using American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification system. Keywords: ASA-PS; interrater; variability.Publication Perception and Willingness Regarding Organ Transplantation/donation among Medical Students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus: A Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Bhattarai, Amit Sharma; Adhikari, Bidur; Joshi, Deepak Raj; Yadav, Alisha; Joshi, Pankaj; Parajuli, Bashu Dev; Koirala, Megha; Karki, Kushal Jung; Subedi, Krishna Prasad; Shrestha, Gentle Sunder; Shrestha, Anil; Singh, ShreejanaBackground: Organ transplant is the procedure of replacing a failing or damaged organ with a functioning one. Positive attitude and awareness about donation are a must for donor organs to be available. This study explored the level of knowledge, perception and willingness regarding organ donation among medical students in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 180 medical students using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used, and Pearson correlation was applied to examine the relationship between knowledge and perception of organ transplantation. Independent samples t-test and ANOVA was used to compare scores among year of study and gender. Results: Results indicated that 86.1% of participants were aware of the need for organ donation, and 83.3% knew that both living and deceased individuals could be donors. While 93.9% believed in the need for effective laws, 72.8% perceived risks for donors. However, only 74.4% were willing to donate their organs, though 91.7% expressed willingness to promote organ donation among friends and family. Participants showed a positive perception towards organ donation. Conclusions: Despite a high level of awareness and knowledge regarding organ donation, participants exhibited a lower level of willingness to donate organs. Perceived risks for donors and a lack of robust laws and regulations presented significant barriers. Nevertheless, an inclination to promote organ donation was observed. This underlines the need for enhanced education and policy reform to increase organ donation rates. Keywords: Awareness; knowledge; organ donation; organ transplantation; perception.Publication Ultrasound versus Chest X-ray for Confirmation of Central Venous Catheter Tip Position: A comparative study(Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, 2025) Mandal, Lokendra Narayan; Bhattarai, Amit Sharma; Parajuli, Bashu Dev; Acharya, Subhash Prasad; Shrestha, AnilAbstract: Introduction Malposition of central venous catheter (CVC) tip is common after central vein cannulation. Chest radiography is the standard method for confirmation, but ultrasound is gaining popularity for bedside localization, placement confirmation, and complication detection. CVC insertion is frequently performed for various medical purposes. While both chest radiography and ultrasound are used to confirm tip position, ultrasound is radiation-free and faster. Real-time ultrasound during insertion reduces attemptsto catheterisation and complications like pneumothorax. However, radiographic confirmation remains the gold standard. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and speed of ultrasound compared to chest X-ray for confirming CVC tip position. Methods A total of 109 patients (aged 15–65 years) who underwent CVC insertion via the right internal jugular vein were enrolled. Written informed consent was obtained from patients or family members. Sonographic confirmation was done using a bubble study, while chest X-ray was used for radiographic confirmation. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, interrater reliability, and percent agreement between the two methods were assessed. The mean confirmation times were also compared. Results Ultrasound showed 91.6% sensitivity, 96.91% specificity, 78.57% positive predictive value, and 98.95% negative predictive value. Interrater reliability (k = 0.82) and percent agreement (96.3%) were high. Ultrasound confirmed placement 88.29 minutes earlier than chest X-ray. Conclusion Ultrasound confirmation using a saline flush method is accurate and significantly faster than chest radiography for CVC tip verification.