Browsing by Author "D, Adhikari"
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Publication Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cardiovascular diseases in population of western Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2006) S, Risal; D, Adhikari; VM, Alurkar; PP, SinghObjectives: To observe if there is any connectivity between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Materials and methods: Patients suffering from different cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease) attending Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara and strictly matched controls were selected for this study. Oxidative stress (OS) was measured by plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) where as antioxidant status was measured by estimating vitamin E, vitamin C and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in plasma. Results: The mean level of TBARS, TAA, vitamin C and E were 2.20+0.43 nmol/ml, 547+98 μmol/l, 0.88+0.15 mg/dl and 0.75+0.20 mg/dl respectively in patients. The respective values in controls were 1.86+0.43 nmol/ml, 859+139 μmol/l, 0.94+0.15 mg/dl and 1.10+0.30 mg/dl. Although the OS seems to be raised in patients, is practically insufficient to oxidize biomolecules and induce CVDs. Despite vitamin C and E levels being well within normal limits, the TAA was significantly and considerably lower in patients. This is a highly interesting observation suggesting that dietary antioxidants other than these vitamins were preferentially consumed to control OS because procedure for TAA used in this study practically measures only total dietary antioxidants. Conclusion: OS does not appear to be an etiological factor for the cardiovascular diseases; rather slightly raised OS in patients seems to be a consequence. Further the raised OS was not due to lower nutrient antioxidant (vit. C and vit. E) in the local population studied herein. Key words: Oxidative stress, cardiovascular diseases, vitamin C, vitamin E, total antioxidant activity.Publication Typhoid fever in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2004) N, Sharma; R, Koju; B, Karmacharya; MD, Tamang; R, Makaju; N, Nepali; P, Shrestha; D, AdhikariOne hundred and twelve cases of typhoid fever presenting in outpatient and emergency department of Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal were studied. In this study, it was found that 71% typhoid fever cases were less than 30 years of age group with male to female ratio of 3:1. Fever over 5 days followed by headache and chills were major presenting symptoms. Widal test and blood culture for Salmonella typhi were positive in 59% and 49% cases respectively. Two third of our study population had total leucocyte count of normal range. The fever clearance time was significantly better with ofloxacin compared to ciprofloxacin (p<0.05) and ceftriaxone compared to chloramphenicol (p<0.05). The release from treatment was significantly shorter with ceftriaxone compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (p<0.01). Ceftriaxone was found to be 100% sensitive to salmonella typhi. Amoxicillin was only 52.1% sensitive to Salmonella typhi. Early diagnosis and institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy is of paramount importance in the management of typhoid patients. Key words: Typhoid fever, salmonella typhi, fever clearance time, release from treatment