Browsing by Author "Ghimire, N"
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Publication Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Oral Hygiene among Parents of Pre-School Children Attending Pediatric Out Patient Department in Dhulikhel Hospital(Kathmandu University, 2015) Khanal, K; Shrestha, D; Ghimire, N; Younjan, R; Sanjel, SABSTRACT Background Level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among the parents of pre-school children plays an important role on maintaining the good oral hygiene of their children. In Nepal, sufficient research has not been carried out on this area. Objective Objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on oral hygiene of pre- school children’s parents attending pediatric outpatient department in Dhulikhel Hospital. Method A descriptive study was conducted from November 2012 to January 2013 among one hundred parents of preschool children visiting pediatrics outpatient department of Dhulikhel Hospital. Paper and pencil based semi structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. Questions related to demographic information and knowledge were asked. Thirty questions were used for assessing knowledge level. Knowledge score was calculated by allocating one point for each correct answer and zero point for each wrong answer. Analyzed data were presented in terms of numbers and percentages. Total knowledge scores were categorized based on percentage. Knowledge score was categorized on four group - exclusive intervals - namely-poor (0-40%), moderate (40-60%), good (60-80%) and excellent (80-100%). Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to check significance difference and chi- square test was used to check association among different background characteristic. Result It was found that 81% had moderate knowledge, 15% had poor knowledge and 4% had good knowledge about oral hygiene. Median knowledge score was found to be 15 with range 10 to 21. Following variables were found to be significant difference on knowledge category: Education status (p<0.001), education level (p= 0.041), past experience about oral health problem (p = 0.008), Further significant association was found between knowledge category and educational status (p < 0.001) and between knowledge category and past experience (p < 0.001). Conclusion Knowledge regarding oral hygiene was found satisfactory among the parents of preschool children visiting pediatric OPD of Dhulikhel Hospital. KEY WORDS Knowledge, oral health, parents, pre-school childrenPublication Body Mass Index in Patients with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A descriptive cross-sectional study(Kathmandu University, 2025) Kafle, KR; Lakhey, RB; Ghimire, N; Paudel, S; Paudel, S; Kafle, DABSTRACT Background Low back pain is a leading cause of disability globally. Obesity, a product of modern lifestyle, is a well-established risk factor for many diseases including spine pathologies. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a significant cause of low back pain in the middle-aged and elderly population. However, the literature on relationship between high body mass index and degenerative spondylolisthesis is inconsistent. Objective To investigate prevalence of obesity among the patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal, involving 81 patients aged ≥ 40 diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis at various lumbar vertebral levels and grades. Anthropometric measurements were obtained and analyzed using an Independent t-test to compare the mean age, height, weight, and body mass index across different levels, grades, and between sexes. Result Among the 81 patients, 59 were female, and 22 were male. The mean age and, BMI were 59.41 ± 10.97 years, and 26.04 ± 4.41 kg/m2, respectively. A notable 59.3% of patients had Body Mass Index ≥ 25. Patients with grade II spondylolisthesis exhibited significantly higher weight and Body Mass Index compared to those with grade I spondylolisthesis (p = 0.031, 0.013), particularly in female population (p = 0.003, 0.007) and at L4-L5 level (p = 0.003, 0.004). Conclusion Body mass index and weight were significantly higher in patients with grade II spondylolisthesis compared to grade I. This finding underscores the need for further research to understand the relationship between obesity and degenerative spondylolisthesis. KEY WORDS Body mass index, Epidemiology, Obesity, SpondylolisthesisPublication Preterm Birth, Exasperation to the South Asian Countries(Kathmandu University, 2022) Acharya, R; Panthee, A; Basnet, R; Adhikari, S; Ghimire, NABSTRACT When a child is born before 37 weeks or 259 days of pregnancy, it is termed as pre- term birth. Pre-term birth is prevalent in both developed and developing country. However, difference lies in their survival. In lower and middle income countries, most preterm babies die due to lack of even simple interventions. India ranks top in the world for deaths due to complications of preterm birth. Similarly, other South Asian countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal rank 3rd, 6th, 9th and 20th in the same. The aim of this review paper is to provide a landscape analysis on the burden of pre-term birth and challenges in the context of South Asian region. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 to 2020 and 27 articles are included in the study. It was found that pre-term birth causes huge burden in the form of morbidity, mortality as well as socio economic losses. Preterm birth was associated with increased sepsis, cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, hypothermia, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. South Asian countries have distinct challenges in eliminating or reducing pre- term births which are: poor quality health surveillance data, inadequate trained health workforce, insufficient finance and funding, service delivery and other methodological challenges. Ending pre-term birth is important as it is directly related to Sustainable Development Goal 3. Therefore, there should be increase in priority given to increase financing, quality data gathering, adopting innovative measures as well as joint efforts of all the sectors to control the pre-term birth. KEY WORDS Burden, Challenges, Pre-term birth, South Asian countriesPublication Research during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Ethics Committees of a Lower Middle Income Country(Kathmandu University, 2020) Ghimire, N; Panthee, A; Sharma, MR; Adhikari, RK; Gyanwali, PABSTRACT The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created paradoxically a good opportunity globally to conduct research in the field of health and social science, and a Lower Middle-Income Country (LMIC) like Nepal is not an exception in this regard. During this ongoing pandemic, the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) has received numerous research proposals regarding COVID-19. As its main responsibility is to ensure participants’ safety, at the same time maintaining the scientific standard of research, the ERB has meticulously gone through all the proposals received so far. During this situation of a health emergency, the ERB of NHRC has had a different experience compared to the usual time. Its strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats have been like never before. KEY WORDS Coronavirus disease 2019, Ethical review board, Ethics, Research