Browsing by Author "Htike, KM"
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Publication A Spatial Model of Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2025) Mahato, RK; Htike, KM; Yadav, A; Baral, S; Yadav, RK; Kafle, A; Sharma, VABSTRACT Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has re-emerged across the global South, particularly in tropical and subtropical urban areas, driven by environmental changes alongside local demographic and socioeconomic factors. Objective To investigate the spatial patterns and socioeconomic determinants of dengue fever in Nepal from 2020 to 2023. Method Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Gi* cluster analysis, and Local Moran’s I statistics, the study examined the relationship between socio-economic variables and dengue incidence across districts. Key factors analyzed included population density, urbanization, and night-time light (NTL) intensity. Result Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis showed fluctuating correlations between dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence and factors such as population density, urbanization, and night-time light intensity. Moran’s I value for population density were -0.083 in 2020, -0.082 in 2021, 0.526 in 2022, and -0.020 in 2023. Similarly, for urbanization, Moran’s I values shifted from -0.103 in 2020 to -0.090 in 2021, 0.458 in 2022, and 0.007 in 2023. Night-time light intensity also demonstrated changing correlations, with Moran’s I values of -0.091 in 2020, -0.102 in 2021, 0.415 in 2022, and -0.068 in 2023. A notable shift from negative to positive correlations occurred between 2020 and 2022. In 2022, high-incidence dengue hemorrhagic fever clusters emerged in densely populated areas, while distinct spatial patterns were observed in 2020 and 2021. Conclusion Dengue hemorrhagic fever risk spatial models are useful tools for detecting high-risk locations and driving proactive public health initiatives. The study emphasized the importance of dynamic, targeted public health interventions based on spatial and socio-economic factors to effectively manage evolving dengue outbreak patterns. KEY WORDS Dengue, Gi* statistics, Local indicators of spatial association, Socio-economic status, Spatial analysisPublication Determinants of Hypertension among Middle-aged and Elderly Populations: A Study from Myanmar(Kathmandu University, 2025) Htike, KM; Thammasarn, K; Mahato, RKABSTRACT Background Hypertension is a growing global health concern, particularly in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), driven by demographic shifts, urbanization and lifestyle changes. Myanmar has a 30.1% national wide prevalence, however, data on determinants and management remain limited. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly populations in Yangon, Myanmar, to inform strategies for prevention and management. Method A cross-sectional study of 512 individuals aged 40 years and older in Yangon, Myanmar, was conducted from May to November 2024 using multistage random sampling. Statistical analyses including the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) using logistic regression were performed using STATA 18.0 to identify the factors associated with hypertension. Result The prevalence of hypertension was 27.54% (95% CI: 23.83-31.58), with a higher prevalence among individuals aged ≥60 years. Risk factors included aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.27-3.70), palm oil usage (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 2.05-6.59), current alcohol consumption (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.19-4.62), elevated waist circumference (AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.80-4.77), chronic illness (AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 2.08-5.05) and consuming of plant-based protein for 3–7 days per week (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13- 2.83). Conclusion Hypertension is prevalent among middle-aged and elderly adults in Yangon with significant associations identified for age, dietary habits, waist circumference and chronic illness. Interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications, dietary improvements, and targeted health education are essential to mitigate the hypertension burden in this population. KEY WORDS Cross-sectional study, Hypertension, Myanmar