Browsing by Author "Jha, Anamika"
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Publication Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography among Patients Attending the Radiology Department in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Jha, Anamika; Sah, Anugya; Joshi, Birendra Raj; Lohani, BenuAbstract: Introduction: Breast arterial calcifications are common mammographic findings which are associated with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of breast arterial calcifications in women presenting for mammography in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Radiology, in a tertiary care hospital after taking ethical clearance, Reference number 352(6-11)E-2, 077/078, data was collected from Syngovia database from March-June 2021 which included 1614 mammograms. Convenience sampling was done and mammograms evaluated for presence of vascular or non-vascular calcification. Further, vascular calcification was graded. Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done, and frequency and proportion were calculated. Results: The prevalence of breast arterial calcification was 188 (11.6%) at 95% Confidence Interval (10.03-13.2). The mean age of women included in this study was 48.42±9.55 years with the largest number of patients in the age group 40-49 years, 682 (42.3%), and least in the age group 80-89 years, 3 (0.2%). All patients in the age group 80-89 years, 3 (100%) had vascular calcifications followed by 70-79 years group, 22 (57.5%) and none in patients younger than 30 years. Conclusions: We found an increase in the number and grade of vascular calcifications in breasts with the patient's age. When present breast arterial calcifications must be mentioned in mammogram report. Identification of such calcifications on mammogram should prompt further screening for atherosclerotic disease.Publication Comparison of Sonographic Findings with Diagnostic Mammography(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Joshi, Birendra Raj; Paudel, Bishnu; Jha, AnamikaBackground: Breast cancer is the leading female cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Early detection of the suspicious lesion is crucial for better prognosis. Higher breast density decreases the sensitivity of mammogram. Ultrasound can differentiate between cystic and solid masses and further characterize these as benign or possibly malignant. Our objective was to compare the findings of sonography with diagnostic mammography. Methods: This was a cross sectional study including 125 females who underwent diagnostic mammogram in a tertiary care center. The mammograms were evaluated and the patients were scanned by ultrasound and categorized as per ACR- BIRADS category. The findings of diagnostic mammography were compared with that of ultrasonography using SPSS version 25. Results: The heterogeneously dense breast in diagnostic mammography corresponded to the heterogenous- fibroglandular breast in ultrasonography. In majority, ultrasound increased the BIRADS category for the lesion than designated by the diagnostic mammography. It was particularly useful for category 0 and 3 lesions which were indeterminate and required further imaging. Conclusions: Ultrasound was useful in evaluation of dense breasts with ACR-BIRADS 0 and 3 in diagnostic mammogram. For category 3 and 4 in diagnostic mammogram, ultrasound showed category 1 or 2 lesions which aided to alleviate patient anxiety and avoid unnecessary biopsies. With emerging technological advances in ultrasound, it can used as a powerful tool for breast lesion detection and patient management. Keywords: Breast density; diagnostic mammogram; ultrasonography.Publication Prevalence and Risk factors of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Menopausal Women(Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), 2024) Jha, Anamika; Dangal, Ganesh; Poudel, SandeshAbstract: Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms is existing everywhere in the world and depending on the age, geographical location, and culture it is having great impact. They encompass different disease features which include-storage, voiding and post micturition. Numerous risk factors have been identified, and there are few published articles concerning the frequency of LUTS in menopausal women as well as their associated risk factors. Thus, this study was formulated with the intention of ascertaining the incidence and the risk indicators of LUTS in menopausal women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the observational type which was carried out in the Paropakar Maternity & Women’s Hospital Thapathali, Kathmandu. Approval to carry out the study was sought and granted from the IRC. It was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in gynecological outdoor patient department involving all menopausal women who presented themselves to the clinic between February 1st to April 30th 2024 using convenience sampling technique. Among the study population having LUTS, their details and possible risk factors were incorporated in this study. Results: Three hundred menopausal women were recruited in the study during the considered period of time. Mean age of menopause was 48. 3 years. Concerning LUTS, the current study established a prevalence rate of 71.7% among the respondents. The most frequently reported complaint was urgency reported by 39 % of the patients ,seconded by incontinence reported by 35. 7% of the patients and thirdly nocturia was reported by 23% of patients. In menopausal women, the factors that may increase the risk to develop LUTS were BMI, having a history of childbirth and recurrent UTI. Conclusion: LUTS was significantly high among menopausal women in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, the most dominating symptom was urgency and the second one was incontinence. Several factors were established to be predictive of LUTS namely; BMI, giving birth and a history of recurrent UTI but there was no statistical evidence related to the type of delivery. Keywords: Lower urinary tract symptoms, menopause, womenPublication Sonography as an Adjunct to Digital Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Jha, Anamika; Regmi, Pradeep Raj; Pradhan, Huney; Thakur, Minaxi; Joshi, Birendra RajBackground: Dense breasts are associated with an increased risk of cancer and also mask lesions on mammograms. In our study, we evaluated the role of sonography as an adjunct to digital mammography in patients with dense breasts. Methods: Sonography of 676 female patients with American College of Radiology category C or D mammographic density was done in this prospective cross-sectional analytical study in the Department of Radiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The final imaging diagnosis was classified as per the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in patients with sonographic category 3 solid lesions larger than 3 cm, category 4 and 5 lesions. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) for Windows version 22. Results: Additional sonography confirmed all BIRADS 1 mammograms as normal or benign, 95.7 % (112) of inconclusive, and 82.8% (n=135) of BIRADS 3 ones as benign. It had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%) than mammography with similar accuracy. Most patients (479, 70.9%) had diagnostic indications. There were 540 (79.9%) cases in ACR BIRADS category c. A final diagnosis of benign (316, 46.7%) was most common, followed by normal (293, 43.4%) and malignant (67, 9.9%). The majority of the malignant lesions were Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (59, 88%). Conclusions: Additional sonography confirmed mammography findings as normal, benign, or suspicious for malignancy, definitely described morphology and extent of mass, and also guided biopsy. It had higher sensitivity than mammography in dense breasts. Keywords: Breast density; mammography; ultrasonography mammary.Publication Variations in Pancreatic Duct Course, Configuration and Pancreaticobiliary Junction on MRCP in 3-T MRI: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study(Institute of Medicine, 2022) Jha, Anamika; Tuladhar, Sasmita; Jha, Sujit K; Gurung, Ghanshyam; Karki, Dan BABSTRACT Introduction: Anomalies and anatomic variations of the pancreatic duct must be identified because they can predispose to conditions like pancreatitis, choledochal cysts, and cholangiocarcinoma, as well as increase surgical complications. In this study, we describe the course and configuration of pancreatic ducts and pancreaticobiliary confluence in cholangiopancreaticography on 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (3-T MR) scanner. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done after obtaining ethical clearance, and included 128 magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The MRCP image records from December 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for pancreatic duct course, configuration, angle of pancreaticobiliary confluence and common channel. Obtained data was entered in previously prepared proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 16. Results: There were 56 (43.8%) males and 72 (56.2 %) females with mean age 48.72±18.05 years, ranging from 3 - 84 years. The most common pancreatic duct course was descending in 45 (36.3%) followed by sigmoid in 42 (33.9%) and vertical in remaining 37 (29.8%) patients. The most common ductal configuration was rudimentary non-dominant duct of Santorini in 88 (71%) patients followed by bifid configuration with dominant duct of Wirsung in 27 patients (21.8%). Pancreatico-biliary junction was more often acute angled than right or obtuse. The common indications for undergoing MRCP were pain abdomen (102, 82.8%), vomiting (53, 43%) and jaundice (36, 28.9%). Conclusion: In symptomatic patients undergoing MRCP, the common anomalies of the pancreatic duct observed were descending course, rudimentary non-dominant duct of Santorini configuration and acute pancreatico-biliary angle. Keywords: Duct of Santorini; duct of Wirsung; magnetic resonance imaging; pancreatic ducts