Browsing by Author "Jha, Mina"
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Publication Cholesterol Gallstone among Patients with Cholelithiasis Admitted to the Department of Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Jha, Ashwini Kumar; Jha, Mina; Adhikari, SunilAbstract Introduction: Gallstone is one of the most common pathological conditions found mostly in females. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones is developing higher nowadays which is increasing the burden of cost in society. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones among patients with cholelithiasis admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with cholelithiasis who presented in the Department of Surgery of tertiary care centre for cholecystectomy (laparoscopic or open) from 23 December 2022 to 22 September 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Patients who were diagnosed by use of abdominal ultrasound or CT scan were included. Those patients with gallbladder polyps, cholangitis, and gallbladder tumours were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 190 patients, the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones was seen in 85 (44.74%) (37.67-51.81, 95% Confidence Interval). The female to male ratio was 6.72:1. Conclusions: The prevalence of cholesterol gallstones was found to be higher as compared to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Mesorrhine Type of Nose among Medical Students of a Medical College(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Jha, Mina; Jha, Ashwini Kumar; Thakur, Umeshwar Prasad; Sinha, Ragni; Jha, AnushreeAbstract Introduction: The nose is an attraction point in our face and one of the important sense organs of our body. The knowledge of the type of nose is essential for surgeons undertaking esthetic repair and reconstruction of noses The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of the mesorhine type of nose among medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among medical students of medical college after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Students of age groups 16-25 years from different religions with various castes/ethnicities were included. Those with craniofacial abnormalities, nasal deviation and a history of nasal trauma were excluded. All the nasal parameters were measured with the help of vernier’s calliper and the nasal index was calculated. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 215 medical students, the prevalence of mesorrhine type of nose was 130 (60.46%) (53.92-67, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of mesorrhine type of nose among medical students was similar to other studies done in similar settings.Publication Prevalence of Fordyce's Granules among Adult Dental PatientsAttending a Provincial Hospital in Janakpurdham, Nepal: ADescriptive Cross-Sectional Study(Nepal APF Hospital, 2026) Chaudhary, Raju Kumar; Jha, Mina; Chaulagain, RajibAbstract: Introduction: Fordyce’s granules are ectopic sebaceous glands that are usually localized in the oral mucosa. They appear in the oral cavity as an elevation and are detected in routine dental examination. There is a paucity of data related to Fordyce’s granules in the Nepalese population. This study aimed to study the prevalence of Fordyce’s granules in the oral cavity of adult dental patients attending a provincial hospital in Janakpurdham, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 279 dental patients visiting the Provincial hospital, Janakpurdham, Nepal. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHSIRC/082/083-22). The participants’ oral cavities were examined using a mouth mirror under adequate illumination. The findings were recorded in the proforma, which was later analyzed using descriptive statistical methods with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results: A total of 279 adults with a mean age of 36.14 ± 9.72 years participated in the study. Among the participants, 155 (55.56%) were male. The prevalence of Fordyce’s granules was 104 (37.28%). The highest prevalence of Fordyce’s granules was observed in the 20–29-year age group, 34 (32.70%). The majority of the Fordyce’s granules were observed in the retromolar area on the right side, 87 (16.89%), followed by the right buccal mucosa, 73 (14.17%). Conclusions: The findings confirm that Fordyce's granules are a common finding in this population, with a prevalence of 37.28%. They were most common in young adults and were primarily located in the retromolar area and the buccal mucosa.Publication Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Female Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2022) Jha, Reena Kumari; Jha, MinaAbstract: Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome that impairs quality of life and carries an increased risk of suicidal attempts. Hormonal changes may underlie these symptoms. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students of a medical college in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 266 healthy young females in a medical college of Nepal from 21st June 2021 to 31st August 2021 with approval from the Institutional Review Committee 51/2021. Convenience sampling was done. Self-rated questionnaire of premenstrual symptoms screening tool was used to evaluate premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool reflects and ‘translates’ categorical Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria into a rating scale with degrees of severity. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for the binary data. Results: Out of 266 female students, we found that the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 10 (3.8%) (1.50-6.10 at 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in our study was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.Publication Study of Body Mass Index among Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Jha, Reena Kumari; Yadav, Abhyuday Kumar; Shrestha, Sneha; Shrestha, Pramit Ram; Shrestha, Suyesh Raj; Jha, Mina; Nepal, MinaAbstract: Introduction: Changes in the lifestyle, food habits, lack of nutritious diet, stress, physical inactivity increases the body mass index among adults. Excess weight gain is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon). Thus, this study aims to find out body mass index of medical students of a medical college in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of physiology of a tertiary care center from August 2019 to February 2020 after taking ethical clearence from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number 192/19). Height and weight were recorded and body mass index was then being calculated. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Results: Out of 266 medical students, 39 (15%) were overweight and 32 (12%) were underweight with mean body mass index 26.60±1.99kg/m2 and 17.13±1.19kg/m2 respectively. Mean body mass index of males was 21.76±3.06kg/m2 and that of females was 21.70±2.96 kg/m2. Conclusions: Comparing with a similar study done in Nepal previously, we found a higher prevalence of overweight in medical students whereas majority of medical students had normal weight. Factors affecting body mass index in medical students should be explored further.Publication Thyroidea Ima Artery in Cadavers of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Jha, Mina; Dhungel, Shaligram; Jha, Ashwini Kumar; Yadav, Sudeep KumarAbstract Introduction: Thyroidea ima artery is a variant arterial branch of arch of aorta supplying the thyroid gland. Understanding the anatomic variances and correctly identifying the thyroidea ima artery is crucial to preventing serious complications both before and after neck surgery. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of thyroidea ima artery in cadavers of a medical college in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of anatomy in Janaki Medical College, Dhanusha, Nepal from 27 December 2022 to 30 June 2023 after ethical clearence from the same institution. Origin of thyroidea ima artery was observed, recorded and photographed. Convenience sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 35 cadavers, thyroidea ima artery was present in 2 (5.71%), arising from brachiocephalic trunk just proximal to its bifurcation and there was absence of inferior thyroid artery. Conclusions: Findings from our study showed that thyroidea ima artery originated from brachiocephalic trunk with absence of inferior thyroid artery.Publication Undescended testis in a middle-aged cadaver: a case report(Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS), 2025) Jha, Mina; Yadav, Hem ShankarABSTRACT: Cryptorchidism is most common genitourinary anomaly in males. The anatomical variations through the cadaveric studies provide crucial information about the relevant structure. We report a rare instance of unilateral testis that was not descended during anatomical dissection. After being preserved using conventional methods, the cadaver showed unilateral undescended right testis free of any visible indications of cancer or other testicular problems. While the left testis was palpable in the scrotal sac, the right testis was placed outside to the superficial ring. With intact blood vessels and vas deferens, both testes showed normal size and structure. Adult-onset cryptorchidism is an unknown origin, which highlights the significance of early diagnosis in patients who are still alive. Adults with undescended testes are at risk for infertility and hormone abnormalities. The importance of routine checkups and prompt treatment for cryptorchidism is needed. Cryptorchidism is a common anomaly requiring early recognition. Timely intervention reduces long-term risks including infertility and malignancy. Hormonal therapy is generally not recommended due to limited efficacy and potential side effects.