Browsing by Author "Kumar, Rajesh"
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Publication Attitude Towards Suicide among Caregivers of Patients Admitted with Suicide Attempt to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Thapa, Prekshya; Lama, Sami; Pradhan, Nirmala; Thapa, Kriti; Kumar, Rajesh; Basnet, MadhurAbstract: Introduction: Understanding the attitude of caregivers towards suicide attempters could be useful in suicide prevention. The objective of this study was to study attitude towards suicide among caregivers of patients with suicide attempt admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 52 caregivers of patients with suicide attempt who had been admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Nepal after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee (ref. IRC/0797/016). Data were collected through interviews using the Attitude towards Suicide Questionnaire and in-depth interviews conducted on five caregivers using the interview framework developed in the department for the purpose. Data and descriptive analysis were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Majority of the caregivers 34 (65.4%) had unfavorable attitude towards suicide. Caregivers reported that mental and chronic physical illness, financial difficulty, working environment, and social factors such as undue pressure and failure to perform the task, difficulty maintaining the relationship, abuse, and neglect could be some of the possible causes of suicide. Caring and understanding attitude of family members, health professionals, and society towards the suicidal individuals providing appropriate training and education to the public would help in reducing the stigma and burden of suicidal patients. Conclusions: The overall attitude of the caregivers was unfavorable. Interventions targeted towards improving attitude towards suicide could be helpful in suicide prevention.Publication Molecular Characterisation and Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Causing Neonatal Sepsis at a Tertiary Care Center(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2021) Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Pankaj; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Singh, Vivek; Singh, Sheo Pratap; Goyal, AnkurAbstract: Introduction: Emergence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains of gram-negative bacteria is increasing and it affects outcome of neonatal sepsis. Present study was done to assess the prevalence, antibiogram and molecular characterisation of ESBL producing enterobacteriaceae organisms in neonatal sepsis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra from January 2016 to June 2017. Total 700 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Workup for sepsis screen, blood culture, antibiotic susceptibility, disk approximation test for detection of ESBL producing organism and polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results: Out of 700 patients, blood culture was positive in 238 (34%) cases. Among all the blood-culture isolates, Gram - positive, Gram - negative and candida species were (54%), (39%) and (7%) respectively. Among gram - negative isolates, Klebsiella (16%), E. coli (10%), Pseudomonas (6%), and Burkholderia (5%) were isolated. Prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates was 42.42%. Among ESBL producers 13 were E. Coli and 15 were Klebsiella. ESBL producing bacilli were more common in males (p = 0.015) and out born patients (p = 0.042). CNS symptoms were the commonest manifestations (35.71%). All ESBL producing Klebsiella and 92.3% of E. coli were resistant to co-amoxyclav. All the ESBL producing Klebsiella and E. coli were sensitive to imipenem and colistin. CTXm gene was the commonest gene present in ESBL producing E. coli (61.54%) and Klebsiella (26.67%). Conclusions: ESBL producing Klebsiella and E. coli were resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics but they were sensitive to carbapenems and colistin. CTXm gene was the commonest gene, associated with ESBL producing enterobacteriaceae.Publication Study of Vitamin D Level in Paediatric Asthma at a Tertiary care Center(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2022) Kumar, Pankaj; Kumar, Rajesh; Singh, Pratap BhanuAbstract: Introduction: There are few studies that suggest low Vitamin D levels are associated with asthma. Present study was conducted to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels with asthma and its severity in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 70 children (35 asthmatic and 35 controls) aged between three to 12 yrs. CBC, AEC, IgE, spirometry, chest X-ray, and serum vitamin D levels were measured. Vitamin D levels were categorized according to guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatrics (2008) and compared between the two groups. The association between vitamin-D levels with asthma and its severity was studied. Results: The mean age of study group cases was 9.23 ± 2.62 yr. The male:female ratio in the study group was 2.5: 1. Cough and wheezing was the commonest manifestation (100%). Most of the patients had mild asthma (45.71%). Asthma was more common in the urban population (68.57%) and children belonging to lower socioeconomic status (51.43%). The markers of allergic disorders {Eosinophils, AEC and IgE} were elevated (all p-values ≤ 0.0001) in study group. Mean serum vitamin D levels in the study group and control group patients were 45.21 ± 28.52 nmol/L and 57.03 ± 40.01 nmol / L respectively. The mean levels of vitamin D in the study group were insufficient as per AAP criteria. Vitamin D levels were more deficient in severe asthma (26.19 ± 14.46 nmol/L).