Browsing by Author "Shah, Gauri Shankar"
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Publication Analysis of Co-morbidities in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in Eastern Nepal(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Thapa, Anil; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Mishra, Om PAbstract: Introduction: Malnutrition is a common problem in developing countries and often associated with co-morbidities. The present study was undertaken with objectives of to find out the comorbidities in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based study carried in 77 children with SAM, diagnosed on the basis of WHO criteria. Results: The age group of children was 1- 5 years (median age 23 months) with about 39% between 1- 2 years. There were 38 males (49.3%). Low maternal education (60%), overcrowding (60%), lower- middle socioeconomic status (87%) were some of the predisposing factors observed. Pneumonia (51%), acute gastroenteritis (21%) and bacterial meningitis (8%) were common co- morbidities found. Associated abnormal laboratory parameters found were anemia (60%), leucocytosis (38%), hyboalbuminemia (36%) hyponetremia (31%), and hypokalemia (17%). Conclusion: Presence of infections and biochemical abnormalities require urgent attention in SAM cases and appropriate treatment in a hospital setting to improve their survival.Publication Analysis of Predictors of Relapse in Children with Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2017) Bhatta, Mukesh; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Mishra, Om PrakashAbstract: Introduction: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are steroid responsive but have relapses in subsequent non-treatment period. The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors which could predict relapses in these children. Material and Methods: Forty patients of INS aged 1-14 years of both gender were enrolled over one year period and followed for six months after treatment of initial episode of Nephrotic Syndrome. Results: The median age of children was 4.5 years and male to female ratio 1.9:1. There were 24(60%) relapses and 16(40%) non-relapses. The relapses had significantly higher mean total leukocyte count, serum urea, potassium and cholesterol than non-relapses. It was also observed that the median age of onset in relapses was significantly lower than non-relapses (p<0.001). Also, the median time to response to steroid therapy was longer in relapses than non-relapses (p<0.001). Children who relapsed had infections at the time of relapse. Conclusion: Thus, onset of disease in younger age group, late response to steroid therapy and presence of infections were found to be associated with relapses in these children.Publication Incidence and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalised Children(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2021) Paudel, Rajan; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Chaudhary, Shipra; Dharel, Dinesh; Timilsina, AnuradhaAbstract: Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalised children with adverse short and long term outcomes. Detection of the incidence, etiological profile and outcome of AKI is important for starting preventive and therapeutic modalities. This study aimed to determine the incidence, etiology and short term outcome of AKI at a tertiary centre in Eastern Nepal. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in children from two months to 14 years of age admitted in paediatric wards and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary centre of Eastern Nepal. AKI was defined according to pRIFLE criteria. Results: From May 2015 to March 2016, 942 patients enrolled in Paediatric wards and PICU were evaluated. The overall incidence of AKI was found to be 5.9% and 18.23% in patients admitted in PICU. AKI was commonest among cases having infectious etiology compromising 73.2% (n = 41), 17.85% (n = 10) due to primary renal disease, 5.35% (n = 3) secondary to congenital heart disease, and 3.57% due to other causes. Among AKI patients, 55.4% (n = 31) required inotropic support, 33.9% (n = 19) required mechanical ventilation while 5.36% (n = 3) underwent dialysis. Out of 56 AKI patients 71.4% (n = 40) had improved clinical outcome and 28.6% (n = 16) expired. Patient with AKI had significant longer duration of hospital stay as compared to non AKI (Seven days vs. three days, p < 0.001). Mortality was high among AKI patients on injury and failure stage (p = 0.003) and those requiring mechanical ventilation and inotropic support (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of AKI was found to be high in paediatric patients. Presence of AKI increased the duration of hospital stay and mortality in hospitalised children often requiring mechanical ventilation and inotropic support.Publication Nucleated Red Blood Cell in Cord Blood as a Marker of Perinatal Asphyxia(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Kanodia, Piush; Bhatta, Nisha Keshary; Singh, Rupa Rajbhandari; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Yadav, Shankar Prasad; Yadav, Sunil KumarAbstract: Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common problem with the incidence varying from 0.5 –2% of live births. According to World Health Organization, approximately 4 million babies die each year before they reach the age of one month. The number of NRBC/100 WBC is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. This simple test can be helpful in the rapid assessment of perinatal asphyxia. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study and there were 82 newborns in Case and 82 newborns in Controls comprising of asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated neonates, respectively, over a period of 12 months. Results: Out of the 82 neonates in case group, fifty nine (59) neonates were found to have NRBC level ≥10/100WBC, out of which 58 (70.7%) were cases and 1(1.2%) was a control. NRBCs count of ≥10/100WBC were seen more in the newborn who had low 5 min Apgar score and in the newborn with severe HIE, these association were statistically significant (P value <0.001). The cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC also found to have a sensitivity of 70.30% with a specificity of 98.78%. NRBC has a positive predictive value of 98.31% with a negative predictive value of 77.14%. Significance and sensitive area for ROC curve was 0.875. The ROC curve was calculated with cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC. Conclusions: NRBC counts can be very useful to differentiate HIE newborns from non-HIE newborns which will help in appropriate management and better outcome of these newborns.Publication Poor Prognostic Indicators of Scrub Typhus(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2016) Yadav, Shankar Prasad; Yadav, Sunil Kumar; Kanodia, Piush; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Bhattari, Narayan Raj; Uranw, SurendraAbstract: Scrub typhus is an emerging disease in the eastern part of Nepal. Varied clinical presentation and lack of laboratory resources make diagnosis difficult. As this was the first known epidemic in this part of Nepal, unawareness resulted in late presentation with multiple complications and mortality. Hence this cases series alerts the clinician to be speculative for early diagnosis and management.Publication Typhoid Fever among Admitted Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Rauniyar, Gajendra Prasad; Bhattacharya, Shrawanti; Chapagain, Kumud; Shah, Gauri Shankar; Khanal, BasudhaAbstract: Introduction: Typhoid fever, an acute systemic febrile illness caused by Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi, is an important public health problem in developing countries. It requires frequent observation regarding proper diagnostic protocol and treatment practices. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of typhoid fever among admitted pediatric patients in a tertiary care center. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the admitted patients of pediatric and adolescent medicine of a tertiary care center from August 2016 to May 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance (IRC/609/015). Convenience sampling was used and data was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social version 11.5. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 7450 patients, 151 (2.03%) at 95% Confidence Interval (1.71-2.35) patients were diagnosed with enteric fever of which 85 (56.29%) were male and 66 (43.71%) were female. Common symptoms were fever 151 (100%), and abdominal pain 94 (62.25%). Azithromycin 54 (38.03%) was the most common antibiotic received before presenting to hospital and ceftriaxone 151 (100%) was prescribed to all the patients after admission. Two-third of the patients (96/151) was hospitalized for at least 6 days, with the longest hospital stay of 14 days and shortest of 3 days. Conclusions: Occurrence rate of Typhoid Fever was similar to other studies. Antibiotic susceptibility could not be well established; further surveillance on typhoid fever and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is recommended.