Browsing by Author "Shrestha, Basudha"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Publication Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Kathmandu Model Hospital(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2012) Shrestha, Basudha; Gurubacharya, Rajesh Lal; Maharjan, Basanta; Shrestha, SanjitAbstract: Introduction: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased globally. Updated knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in the health institutes is important for the selection of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi drug resistant urinary isolates in the children from 1 to15 years and evaluate the options for empiric antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the Bacteriology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital. Urine samples received in the laboratory were processed for routine, culture and its sensitivity. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Results: Of the total 372 urine samples received in the laboratory, 60 (16.13%) showed significant growth; of which 55.0 % (33/60) were MDR isolates. Escherichia coli were the predominant isolate from urine sample. Out of 49 Escherichia coli isolates, 27 (45.0%) were Multi drug resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (N=3) was the most predominant Gram positive isolate and 66.67 % (2/3) of this organism were multi drug resistant. Among the first line drugs used against gram negative isolates, nitrofurantoin was the most effective drug followed by quinolones, while among the second line drugs; meropenem was the most effective drug followed by chloramphenicol and amikacin, whereas; nitrofurantoin (100%) was the most effective drug for Gram positive isolates followed by norfloxacin and cefotaxime. Conclusion: High percentages of multi drug resistant uropathogens were revealed in children. Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug for gram positive, gram negative and multi drug resistant isolates.Publication Sputum Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Kathmandu Model Hospital(Nepal Health Research Council, 2024) Dahal, Abhinav; Dhoj Joshi, Rajesh; Palikhe, Muna; Maskey, Neelima; Sah, Shyam Sundar; Onta, Aastha; Shrestha, BasudhaBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. A study was carried out with an objective to study the sputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A review study was carried out for a sputum culture isolated cases of acute exacerbation of COPD in Kathmandu Model Hospital. The discharged records from Jan 1st 2018 to December 31st, 2022. were analysed for demographic data and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Any patient records with incomplete information were excluded from this study. An antibiotic susceptibility pattern was further confirmed from the laboratory records. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: Over the period of five years from Jan 1st 2018 to December 31st, 2022. We found that total 80 of our patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had a positive routine sputum culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.7%), Kleibsella pneumonia (20%), Escherchia coli (17.6%), Acinetobacter baumani complex (13.8%) were the most common bacteria isolated. Most organisms are found to be sensitive to Polymyxin B, Colistin, Tigecycline followed by Piperacillin/Tazobactam while most of them are found to be resistant to Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid and Cefixime. Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherchia coli accounted for most common bacteria isolated in our study. These bacteria were found to be sensitive to polymyxin B, colistin and tigecycline. Most of them were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid and cefixime. Our study concluded acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with bacterial isolates in sputum culture and highly sensitive to broad spectrum antibiotics Keywords: Bacteria, COPD, exacerbation, sputum culture, antibiotics, Nepal