Browsing by Author "Singh, Y"
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Publication Effects of subvalvular apparatus preservation in mitral valve replacement among rheumatic patients: early and mid term follow up(Institute of Medicine, 2016) Timala, RB; Joshi, D; Aryal, M; Bhandari, K; Singh, Y; Sharma, J; Sharma, JAbstract Introduction: Annulo-papillary continuity exerts significant impact on postoperative left ventricular function after mitral valve replacement. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who had undergone mitral valve replacement at one of the three units of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center. Patients were divided into three groups, group I: total resection of subvalvular apparatus, group II: posterior mitral leaflet preservation, group III: total preservation of subvalvular apparatus. Statistical analysis was done to see the differences between three groups in regards to left ventricular dimensions in diastole, systole and ejection fraction. Results: Total of 93 patients underwent mitral valve replacement from April 14, 2011 to April 13,2012. Among group I patients, left ventricular diastolic (LVIDd) dimension decreased significantly at 3 months follow-up: group II patients left ventricular systolic dimension (LVIDs) decreased significantly at 3 months, group III patients, both LVIDd and LVIDs decreased significantly at 3 months. At the end of 3 years, the graph showed patient with group I had increasing tendency for LVIDd, whereas patients with group III had decreasing tendency for LVIDd. Similarly patients in group I showed increasing trend for LVIDs, whereas it got stabilized after 2nd year among patients in group III. The ejection fraction was most improved among the patients with group III compared to group I or II. Conclusion: Total subvalvular apparatus preservation during mitral valve replacement did have positive impact on left ventricular dimensions as well as function in early and midterm follow-up Keywords: mitral valve replacement, subvalvular apparatus preservation, left ventricular diastolic dimension,, left ventricular systolic dimension, ejection fractionPublication Opportunistic infection among HIV seropositive cases in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2008) Dhungel, BA; Dhungel, KU; Easow, JM; Singh, YAbstract Background: Human Immunode ciency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immunode ciency Syndrome (AIDS) claimed more than 22 million deaths in the past two decades. About 10,000-15,000 Nepalese are expected to die of AIDS related deaths every year in the absence of effective treatment and care. Major cause of mortality and morbidity in HIV infected people is opportunistic infection (OI). Type of pathogen(s) responsible for OI varies from region to region. Objective: This study attempts to nd out OI among HIV seropositive patients visiting MTH, Pokhara. Results: Tuberculosis (30%) was found to be most common OI followed by candidiasis (14%). Pulmonary tuberculosis (21.14%) was more common than extra pulmonary tuberculosis (8.92%). Oral candidiasis (8.92%) was more common than oesophageal candidiasis (5.35%). Conclusion: The study ndings indicate that immediate and strong action needs to be taken and guidelines and strategies to tackle the HIV AIDS problems are required and should be equally implemented to achieve a decline in the rate of prevalence of HIV. Key words: HIV, AIDS, Opportunistic infection, TuberculosisPublication Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in school going children in Pokhara valley(Kathmandu University, 2007) Jha, BK; Singh, YObjectives: There were mainly two objectives of the study. One was to detect bacteriuria in school going children in Pokhara valley and the other was to identify the causative organisms in various age groups in children. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of The School of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Simalchaur, Pokhara University, Nepal. A total of 502 urine samples of 5 to 13 years children from different schools of Pokhara valley were screened to see asymptomatic bacteriuria during January 2005 to June 2005. A sterile wide mouth container was given to each student to collect mid- stream urine samples. All the urine samples were transported to the Microbiology laboratory within half an hour to one hour. The samples were processed for microscopical examination to observe for turbidity and the presence of protein and sugar by dipstick method, microscopical examination to see pus cells, RBCs, epithelial cells, casts and crystals, culture of urine samples on Blood agar and MacConkey agar to identify the potential pathogens. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for those bacteria which were grown on culture. The colony count was evaluated and organisms were identified by biochemical tests. Result: Out of 502 samples, 7(1.39%) samples grew the bacterial pathogens that are responsible to cause urinary tract infection. Among them Escherichia coli 4(57.14%) was the predominant bacterial pathogen. Conclusion: Study of asymptomatic bacteriuria is important as found in the present study in which Escherichia coli was the most frequently incriminated as the causative agents. Key words: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Escherichia coli, children