Browsing by Author "Suwal, Rinkal"
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Publication Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Prediabetes Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Shrestha, Arjun; Suwal, Rinkal; Adhikari, Sikshya; Shrestha, Nirsara; Shrestha, Biju; Khatri, BijayAbstract Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a specific microvascular ocular complication associated with diabetes. However, retinopathy has also been reported in people with prediabetes. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among patients with prediabetes attending the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary eye care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with prediabetes attending the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary eye care centre from 1 January 2022 and 30 April 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board (Registration number: 594/2021 P). All patients had their eyes dilated and examined under the slit-lamp with a 90 D convex lens or indirect ophthalmoscopes with a 20 D lens to find retinopathy. All patients aged 40 to 79 years with intermediate hyperglycemia were included in the study. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 141 patients with prediabetes, diabetic retinopathy was found in 8 (5.67%) (1.85-9.49, 95% Confidence Interval). Among which all patients 8 (5.67%) had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Among patients with retinopathy, all 8 (5.67%) were obese, 3 (37.50%) were hypertensive, 5 (62.50%) patients had intermediate hyperglycemia for more than 6 months, and 2 (25%) had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in prediabetes patient was found to be higher than the other studies conducted in similar settings.Publication Early Behavioural Signs among Nepalese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study(Nepal Medical Association, 2024) Shrestha, Manju; Suwal, Rinkal; Thapa, Niranjan; Chhetri, Suchit Thapa; Kunwor, Bishal; Regmi, Shiva Kumar; Shrestha, Osha; Mehta, BipinAbstract Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition. Early identification of symptoms is crucial for timely intervention, yet diagnosing very young children can be challenging due to the variability in symptom presentation and the influence of other developmental factors. This study aimed to find the prevalence of the emergence of early behavioural signs in Nepalese children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre for Autism in Kathmandu, Nepal, from January 2023 to June 2023. Ethical approval was obtained, and a sample of 120 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder was included in the study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated. Results: Among 120 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, the prevalence of emergence of early behavioural signs was seen in 112 (93.33%) (88.83-97.77, 95% Confidence Interval) children. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the emergence of early behavioural signs in Nepalese children with Autism Spectrum Disorder which align with global patterns in prevalence and severity.