Browsing by Author "Upreti, D"
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Publication Quality of care provided to newborns by nursing personnel at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences(Kathmandu University, 2009) Shrestha, M; Singh, R; Upreti, DAbstract Background: Birth is a major challenge for the newborn to negotiate successfully from intrauterine to extra uterine life. The first few hours since birth is the most crucial period in the life of an infant for further growth and development, which is largely determined by the quality of care that the newborn receives. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the quality of care provided by nursing personnel to newborn in the labour room. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in BP Koirala Institute of Health Science. Cross sectional, non participatory observational research design was adopted for the study. Care provided by nursing personnel to 814 normal newborns was observed. Samples were chosen by non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through observational method by trained nursing personnel, using 46 items pre-tested, validated and self developed observational checklist. Care provided to newborns was observed from birth to two hours and categorised as good, average and poor based on scores obtained. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS-10. Descriptive statistics- [Mean, percentage, frequencies and standard deviation] was used to describe the quality of care provided to the newborn babies. Results: Overall quality of care was good in 42.36%, average in 57.64% and none of them received poor care. Overall mean score for quality of care was 34.75/46 (75.54 %). Regarding subscales quality of care was good in majority of newborns in areas such as Preparation to receive the baby (76.1%), Initiation of breathing (100%), Maintaining thermoregulation (77.3%), Physical assessment (90.9%), and other aspects of care (95.2%). However the quality of care was poor in majority of newborns in establishment of breast feeding (58.23%) and average in prevention of infection (76.9%). Conclusion: Study findings highlight the need for focus in establishment of breast feeding and prevention of infection. Key words: Quality of care, newborns, nursing personnel, breast feeding, prevention of infection and assessment of newborn.Publication Study of pregnancy dermatoses in patients attending outpatient of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal(Society of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists of Nepal (SODVELON), 2015) Bastola, Prabha Dawadi; Rijal, A; Upreti, DAbstract Background: Pregnancy causes immense hormonal, vascular and immunologic changes affecting every organ system including skin. It can have a positive as well as a negative effect on the course of pre-existing skin diseases. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy constitute a heterogenous group of inflammatory dermatoses associated exclusively with pregnancy. Objectives: To study the spectrum and frequency of pregnancy dermatoses and to compare the clinico- epidemiological profile of non-specific dermatoses among pregnant versus non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study recruited 300 patients with skin lesions; the test group comprised 150 pregnant ladies while the control group comprised 150 non-pregnant female of reproductive age. Demographic characteristics, medical history, examination findings, and relevant investigation reports were noted and diagnosis established. The patients of test group were then classified into distinct subgroups of dermatoses and were compared with non-pregnant patients of control group. Results: Specific dermatoses of pregnancy was very common (41.33%) in our study among which Prurigo of pregnancy was the commonest (24%). Inflammatory lesions were predominant in pregnant group (57.33%, p=<0.001) whereas infectious diseases were predominant in the non-pregnants (44.67%). The demographic variables had no significant role in determining the distribution of any of the skin lesions in this study. Conclusion: Inflammatory lesions mostly specific dermatoses of pregnancy are found to be the commonest skin lesions among the pregnant ladies whereas infectious diseases are found to be comparable among pregnant and non pregnant ladies in our study. Keywords: Infectious dermatoses, Pregnancy dermatoses, Prurigo of pregnancyPublication The Demographics of Molar Pregnancies in BPKIHS(Kathmandu University, 2011) Koirala, A; Khatiwada, P; Giri, A; Kandel, P; Regmi, M; Upreti, DABSTRACT This is an analysis of the incidence of molar pregnancies and those of complete and partial molar pregnancies across the reproductive age range for BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in the period 2010-2011. Patients with molar pregnancies registered with BPKIHS from January 2008 to January 2010 were identified. The overall number of molar pregnancies registered was compared to the number of maternities (live births and still births) and total viable conceptions for this year. A retrospective study of 64 cases of molar pregnancies recorded at BPKIHS during the two year time was done. Medical records were reviewed. Incidence, clinical presentation and methods of diagnosis were studied. During the study period, there were 37 complete moles, 23 partial moles, 1 persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor, 1 choriocarcinoma, and 2 invasive moles. The incidence of molarpregnancy was 3.94 per 1000 deliveries. Median distribution was at 22 years of age, and majority (67%) presented during early second trimester. Twenty one (32.8%) women were of blood group A positive and ten (15.6%) presented with severe form of anemia. This study provides detailed data regarding the incidence of partial and complete molar pregnancies with increasing maternal age. It confirms the relation of molar pregnancy with age, and blood group. Complete mole had the highest incidence, affecting mostly younger age group, and usually in the first half of their pregnancy. KEY WORDS gestational trophoblastic disease, hyaditiform mole, persistant gestational tumorsPublication Young people’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviour on STI/HIV/AIDS in the context of Nepal: A systematic review(Kathmandu University, 2009) Upreti, D; Regmi, P; Pant, P; Simkhada, PAbstract Background: Sexual and reproductive health of young people has become a major health problem in recent decades. Recent and rapidly increasing Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) rates show an urgent need for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV prevention interventions in Nepal. Objectives: This paper attempts to assess knowledge, attitude and behaviour on STIs/HIV/AIDS in the context of young peoples of Nepal. Materials and methods: A systematic review based on the available literature was carried out including both qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: Our findings indicate that the overall knowledge regarding STIs and HIV/AIDS is high although the level of knowledge seems to differ according to education, gender, and area of residence. Knowledge about condoms was also very high but practice of correct and consistent use in premarital and extramarital sexual relations with non-regular partners seems to be lower. The overall sexual behaviour among young people is unsafe. Conclusion: This suggests that young people’s sexual and reproductive health issues need to be further addressed and explored in order to promote safer and responsible sexual behaviour. Key words: Attitude, Behaviour, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Nepal, STIs, Systematic Review, Young people