Browsing by Author "Yadav, A"
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Publication A Spatial Model of Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2025) Mahato, RK; Htike, KM; Yadav, A; Baral, S; Yadav, RK; Kafle, A; Sharma, VABSTRACT Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has re-emerged across the global South, particularly in tropical and subtropical urban areas, driven by environmental changes alongside local demographic and socioeconomic factors. Objective To investigate the spatial patterns and socioeconomic determinants of dengue fever in Nepal from 2020 to 2023. Method Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Gi* cluster analysis, and Local Moran’s I statistics, the study examined the relationship between socio-economic variables and dengue incidence across districts. Key factors analyzed included population density, urbanization, and night-time light (NTL) intensity. Result Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis showed fluctuating correlations between dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence and factors such as population density, urbanization, and night-time light intensity. Moran’s I value for population density were -0.083 in 2020, -0.082 in 2021, 0.526 in 2022, and -0.020 in 2023. Similarly, for urbanization, Moran’s I values shifted from -0.103 in 2020 to -0.090 in 2021, 0.458 in 2022, and 0.007 in 2023. Night-time light intensity also demonstrated changing correlations, with Moran’s I values of -0.091 in 2020, -0.102 in 2021, 0.415 in 2022, and -0.068 in 2023. A notable shift from negative to positive correlations occurred between 2020 and 2022. In 2022, high-incidence dengue hemorrhagic fever clusters emerged in densely populated areas, while distinct spatial patterns were observed in 2020 and 2021. Conclusion Dengue hemorrhagic fever risk spatial models are useful tools for detecting high-risk locations and driving proactive public health initiatives. The study emphasized the importance of dynamic, targeted public health interventions based on spatial and socio-economic factors to effectively manage evolving dengue outbreak patterns. KEY WORDS Dengue, Gi* statistics, Local indicators of spatial association, Socio-economic status, Spatial analysisPublication Dyslipidemia and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Children with Down Syndrome(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2010) Goyal, P; Singh, R; Yadav, A; Dutta, AK; Bhattacharjee, JAbstract: Introduction: Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) provides an interesting natural model to study atherosclerosis, since these individuals appear to be protected from plaque formation. Methodology: We assessed the lipid levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 32 clinically diagnosed children of Down syndrome and 34 children matched for age and sex as controls. Results: SOD activity was found to be significantly higher (p=0.004) in children with Down Syndrome (mean=313.7 IU/ml) than in controls (mean140.2 IU/ ml). Significantly higher levels of serum triglyceride (154.7 mg/dl) and VLDL (33.9 mg/dl) were observed in Down Syndrome as compared to healthy controls (119.6 mg/dl and 23.9 mg/dl respectively; p<0.05 for each). However, the two groups did not show any significant difference in levels of serum HDL-C, LDL-C. Conclusion: The raised antioxidant activity of SOD, because of over expression of genes situated non chromosome 21, probably offers some protection against the development of atherosclerosis despite the occurrence of dyslipidemia.Publication Sydenham’s Chorea with Silent Cardiac Lesions, Mimicking Encephalitis in a 13 Year Old Girl(Kathmandu University, 2021) Shakya, KN; Bhatta, A; Yadav, A; Gautam, U; Basnet, SABSTRACT Sydenham’s chorea is an uncommon neurological manifestation of rheumatic fever and has many and varied differential diagnosis. It may mimic encephalitis when presents as an isolated feature even when silent cardiac lesions are present. Early diagnosis, treatment and penicillin prophylaxis prevents recurrence and progression of cardiac lesions. Prompt symptomatic relief and alleviation of distress is obtained with therapeutic intervention. A case of rheumatic chorea with silent cardiac valve lesions which mimicked herpes simplex encephalitis with choreoathetosis, in a 13 year old girl is presented along with review of literature. KEY WORDS Chorea, Encephalitis, Rheumatic fever, Silent carditis