Browsing by Author "Yadav, D"
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Publication Post-tonsillectomy Hemorrhage in Patients Receiving Ketorolac Analgesic(Kathmandu University, 2023) Yadav, D; Dangol, B; Shrestha, N; Pandit, S; Nepal, AABSTRACT Background Ketorolac, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is thought to have less sedation as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting in comparison to opioids, but with higher risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage as reported in some of the literatures. There is no consensus till date in the use of ketorolac in the management of pain following tonsil and adenoid related surgeries. Objective To find out the incidence of hemorrhage following tonsil and adenoid related surgeries in patients receiving ketorolac in postoperative period. Method This is a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing tonsil and adenoid related surgeries who had received ketorolac during April, 2013 to May, 2019 at department of ENT-HNS, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage rate was calculated in pediatric and adult patients. Result During the study period, 103 patients (male – 50 and female – 53) received ketorolac in postoperative period. Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy were performed in 71and 32 patients respectively. Forty-five patients were < 18 years whereas 58 were ≥ 18 years. Most common indication for surgery was recurrent tonsillitis (66/103) followed by adenotonsillar hypertrophy (31/103). Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was observed in 15 patients; among them, four out 45 were < 18 years and 11 out of 58 ≥ 18 years. All five patients out of 15, who required surgical intervention for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, were ≥ 18 years and were operated for recurrent tonsillitis. Rest of the patients (10/15) were managed conservatively. None of the patients required blood transfusion. Conclusion Ketorolac is not associated with increased risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in children and can safely be administered. Whereas in adults, recurrent tonsillitis being the most common indication for tonsillectomy, it should be used cautiously. KEY WORDS Adenoidectomy, Adenotonsillectomy, Ketorolac, Tonsillectomy, Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugsPublication Profile of Pediatric patients with Foreign Body Aspiration requiring Bronchoscopy in a Tertiary Care Center(Kathmandu University, 2025) Paneru, M; Nepal, A; Yadav, D; Dangol, B; Shrestha, N; Maharjan, L; Maharjan, RABSTRACT Background Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common pediatric emergency, particularly in children under five, due to immature airway protection reflexes and their tendency to explore objects orally. It is the fourth leading cause of accidental death in children under three, making early diagnosis and prompt management crucial. Objective To assess the profile of pediatric patients requiring bronchoscopy, identify associated clinical presentations, evaluate complications, identify the types of foreign bodies, and the most frequent site of lodgment. Method Clinical data of three years, from April 2021 to April 2024, were retrospectively collected from medical records. The study included children below 14 years of age who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration at a tertiary care center. Their clinical profiles and various presenting symptoms were analyzed. Result Among 37 cases, the highest incidence (43.2%) was in children aged 1-3 years, with males comprising 73%. Cough and wheezing were the most common symptoms (19 cases). Organic foreign bodies, mainly peanuts and beans, were found in 22 cases, while metallic sharp objects (pins) were present in 5 cases. The right main bronchus was the most affected site (22 cases), and post-procedural pneumonia developed in 5 cases. Conclusion Foreign body Aspiration predominantly affects young children, with organic objects being the most common. Rigid bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for early intervention to prevent complications. KEY WORDS Airway obstruction, Bronchoscopy, Foreign bodies, Pediatrics, Respiratory aspiration