Journal Issue: Volume: 59, No. 244, December (2021)
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Volume
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Issue Date
2021
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Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
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Articles
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women Delivering in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Thapa, Taniya; Sharma, Sabita; Sigdel, Dipa; Silwal, Kalpana; Joshi, Alisha
Abstract:
Introduction: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a major health issue with limited studies conducted so far in Chitwan, Nepal regarding adverse perinatal outcomes in obstetric population. This study aimed to find prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women delivering in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Chitwan, Nepal during the study period of six months from 15th Jan 2019- 16th July 2019 after getting ethical approval from Chitwan Medical College-Institutional Review Committee (Reference number-2075/076042). Women were selected via convenience sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data whereas, data related to the fetomaternal outcomes were obtained from patient charts and delivery record books. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was found to be 91 (6.43%) (3.83-9.03 at 95% Confidence Interval) representing 71 (78.1%), 12 (13.2%), and 8 (8.7%) as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively.
Conclusions: The burden of pregnancy induced hypertension was found quite higher as compared to other similar studies done in Nepal. Gestational hypertension was most common type.
Impacted Canine in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Pant, Bashu Dev; Rajbhandari, Anjana; Pradhan, Resina; Bajracharya, Manju; Manandhar, Pushkar; Maharjan, Surendra; Pun, Dilli Bahadur; Sah, Barun Kumar
Abstract:
Introduction: Impacted canine is a frequently encountered clinical problem during orthodontic practice with different prevalence in each region. Treatment usually requires an interdisciplinary approach which is difficult and time consuming. Surgical exposure of the impacted tooth and the complex orthodontic mechanisms are used to align the tooth into the arch. This study was designed to find out the prevalence of impacted canine in orthodontic patients.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done with hospital records of patients from 15 to 38 years of age visited department of Orthodontics at a tertiary care hospital from August 2020 to March 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Convenience sampling method was used. Patients Orthopantomogram and clinical notes were thoroughly evaluated. To locate position of impacted canine cone-beam computed tomography images were used. The data was collected and entered in Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 99% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 1008 patients, 44 (4.37%) (2.71-6.03 at 99% Confidence Interval) patients had impacted canines. Among them, maxillary canine impaction was seen in 38 (3.77%) and mandibular canine impaction in 6 (0.60%).
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of impacted canines was found lower than previous studies done in similar settings. Large number of patients had buccal impaction compared to palatal impaction.
Ocular Morbidity among Patients Visiting the Department of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2021 Pandemic at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bastola, Pradeep; Dahal, Polina
Abstract:
Introduction: Due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2021 pandemic and lockdown, eye care services have been compromised globally. The magnitude of ocular diseases across all populations in Nepal are few and far between and rare during this pandemic. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of ocular morbidity among patients visiting the department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital during the pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting the
department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital from 18 August 2021 to 30 September 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference: 078/079-023). Convenience sampling was done. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, visual status and prevalence of ocular morbidities were noted. Data entry was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 650 study subjects examined, 454 (69.8%) (66-73.0 at 95% Confidence Interval) study subjects had at least one ocular morbidity in at least one eye. Refractive error 153 (33.7%) was the commonest ocular morbidity followed by headache 52 (11.5%), dry eyes 50 (11%), non-communicable diseases related ocular morbidity 41 (9%), and age related cataract 37 (8.1%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular morbidity in our study was higher than findings from other similar studies done at national and international levels, though the causes of ocular morbidity was similar.
Hyponatremia in Chronic Liver Disease among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Bhandari, Abashesh; Chaudhary, Ashlesha
Abstract:
Introduction: Hyponatremia is a frequent problem in chronic liver disease. To the best of our knowledge, no study of hyponatremia in chronic liver disease has been conducted in our setting. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with chronic liver disease attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 patients with chronic liver disease attending the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2020 and July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 028-077/078). Convenience sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Calculation of point estimate at 95% confidence interval was done along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 114 patients with chronic liver disease studied, 47 (41.22%) (32.18-50.25 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients had hyponatremia (≤130mmol/L) with mean age of 53.44±7.57 years. Thirty (63.8%) patients out of these were males and 17 (36.2%) patients were females.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hyponatremia among patients with chronic liver disease was found to be higher when compared to other similar studies.
Endoscopic Septoturbinoplasty among Patients Undergoing Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
(Nepal Medical Association, 2021) Mahato, Nain Bahadur; Bista, Meera; Bhandari, Bhuwan; Pradhan, Rosi
Abstract:
Introduction: Septoplasty without turbinoplasty is one of the main reasons for failure of procedure in case of deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Septoturbinoplasty is the procedure of choice for complete treatment. The main objective is to find out the prevalence of endoscopic septoturbinoplasty among patients undergoing surgery in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery done over a period of 1 year duration from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021 among 1248 patients who underwent surgery in the department. Ethical Approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 2207202004). A convenience sampling technique was used. Two different techniques, Microdebrider Assisted Turbinoplasty and Outfracture with Submucosal Diathermy were used in surgery. Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale questionnaire was used pre and postoperatively for data collection. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations.
Results: Out of 1248 patients, about 92 (7.37%) patients (4.95-10.14 at 95% Confidence Interval) underwent septoturbinoplasty. The mean Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation Scale before surgery was 75.21±6.19.
Conclusions: The prevalence of septoturbinoplasty in our study is similar to other studies done in similar settings. We found almost complete resolution of breathing problems following endoscopic septoturbinoplasty, hence improving quality of life.