Journal Issue: Volume: 35, No. 1 (2015)
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2015
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ISSN 1990-7974 eISSN 1990-7982
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Articles
Association Between Mother’s Age and Breastfeeding Status in the Northern Iran
(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Veghari, G
Abstract:
Introduction: Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infant and it is more easily digested than infant formula. The main aim of this study is to determine breastfeeding status, exclusive breastfeeding, and their relation with mother’s age among under-five children in the north of Iran.
Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, which was carried out in 1997 persons (535 = Fars-native, 773 = Turkman and 689 = Sisstani) from 20 villages in the north of Iran. The calculated sample sizes of 1800 respondents at least were needed for a 95% confidence and a maximum marginal error 0.02. Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration (EBFD) and Breastfeeding Duration (BFD) were classified based on WHO definitions.
Results: BFD is 20.16 months and statistical difference is significant among three ethnic groups (p=0.001). Post hoc test are significant between Fars-native and Turkman (p=0.001), and between Turkman and Sisstani (p=0.002) and between Fars-native and Sisstani (p=0.024). EBFD is 5.77 months and statistical difference is significant among three ethnic groups (p=0.011). Post hoc test is significant between Turkman and Sisstani (p=0.027). As whole, duration of breastfeeding positively increased with mother’s age (p=0.002) but statistical association was not significant between exclusive breastfeeding duration and mother’s age.
Conclusion: In rural area in the north of Iran, the EBFD and BFD were 5.74 and 20.16 months, respectively and they were in Turkman group more than in others. Mother’s age have a rising role for EBFD and BFD whereas in all of ethnic groups it was not the same.
Association of Birth Weight with Gestational Age and Maternal Measles Antibodies
(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Ahmadu, BU; Shemiya, Y; Anita, G; Ubong, S; Abdulrahman, B; Amina, B; Iranyang, Y; Rabi, Z; Chekwube, MA; Fatima, MU; Gidado, A
Abstract:
Introduction: Maternal measles antibody (MMA) offers protection against measles in early childhood, however, certain determinants of this antibody lives much to be desired. The aim of the study were to determine the association between birthweight (BW) and gestational age (GA), to assess the relationship between BW and MMA, to correlate GA with MMA and to examine the combined effects of BW and GA on MMA.
Material and Methods: The work was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Babies were enrolled using systematic random sampling method. The babies BW was measured using the bassinet scale; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine MMA. GA of babies was determined using the mothers' last menstrual period (LMP) or by Dubowitz score or by Obstetric ultrasound scan. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical software version 16, Illinois, Chicago USA and a computer program for epidemiologist PEPI version 3.01. Spearman’s correlation (rho), Kendall’s rank correlation (tau b) and Jonckheere-Terpstra test of association of ordinal variables were determined. Univariate analysis was used to investigate the combine effects of BW and GA on MMA. Likely-hood ratio Chisquare (?2) was used for categorical data. Goodman-Kruskal index rank order of predictive association (tau) of ordinal data was also calculated.
Results: 200 babies were enrolled, 101 (50.5%) were males and 99 (49.5%) females. 169 babies (84.5%) had normal BW, 117 (58.5%) were delivered at term. The mean BW was 3.04 (0.58) at 95% CI (2.96 – 3.12) kg. Association between BW and GA was significant (p=0.003), the predictive value for the association was also significant (p=0.039). Significant correlation was also observed between GA and MMA (p<0.001).
Conclusions: There was a significant association between BW and GA and MMA correlated well with GA.
Comparison Between Automated and Manual Sphygmomanometer for Measuring Blood Pressure in Children
(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Taksande, A; Jadhav, A; Vagha, J
Abstract:
Introduction: The mercury sphygmomanometer has been the gold standard used for obtaining blood pressure (BP). However, due to environmental concerns and more use of automated BP devices, an alternative to using the standard mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Automated (Omron) BP device against the mercury sphygmomanometer in children.
Material and Methods: One hundred children were enrolled in this study. The accuracy of Omron HEM–7121 BP readings was compared with that of mercury BP device readings. Each children had four BP measurements recorded sequentially i.e. two valid systolic readings, and two valid diastolic readings.
Results: BP taken with the automated device was systolic 109.77 ± 9.97 and diastolic 74.50 ± 8.32 mm Hg compared to systolic 112.68 ± 9.98 and diastolic 77.38 ± 7.91 mm Hg measured by manual mercury sphygmomanometer BP readings (p<0.001). Automated and mercury BP measurements were correlated (r = 0.89, systolic BP; r = 0.82, diastolic BP). Linear regression analysis showed that the automated systolic BP is a significant predictor (? = 0.897, p < 0.001) of manual systolic BP. Similarly, automated diastolic BP was also a significant predictor (? = 0.829, p< 0.001) of manual diastolic BP.
Conclusion: This study concludes that the automated BP device is reliable and accurate for measuring the BP in children.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) Course Among Paediatric Residents of BPKIHS
(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Yadav, SK; Bhatta, NK; Yadav, SP; Kanodia, P; Moktan, D
Abstract:
Introduction: Neonatal resuscitation is an essential skill for neonatal care providers, especially for junior doctors who are often the first persons to attend to a newborn in need of resuscitation. The Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) training course offers a comprehensive and systematic training programme that has been adopted in 130 countries worldwide. Reports from different countries attributed the improvements in neonatal mortality and morbidity over the past two decades partly to the implementation of a systematic neonatal resuscitation training programme. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) in improving the knowledge of the paediatric resident doctors after completion of the course.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional interventional study. The resident doctors who attended the NRP course were enrolled. The knowledge was evaluated by written 30-item questionnaire pre- and post- course score. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. p- value of <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Data of 18 paediatric residents who attended the course were analyzed. There were four female and 14 male residents. Out of 18 residents, eight were from first year, seven were from second year and three were from third year. Their mean scores (out of 30) were 13.84 (SD 2.57) (pre-course) and 16.68 [(SD 3.15) (post-course) (p=0.001)].
Conclusions: NRP course produced a modest gain in residents’ knowledge on neonatal resuscitation at the end of their course. NRP training has the potential to substantially improve knowledge of neonatal resuscitation.
Pattern of Sleep in Infants and Toddlers Visiting at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur
(Nepal Paediatric Society (JNPS), 2015) Shrestha, D; Dhakal, AK; Shakya, A; Shah, SC; Shakya, H; Mehata, S; Sadeh, A
Abstract:
Introduction: Sleep is an integral part in a child’s health and development. During different stages of development, there are aberrations in normal physiology of sleep which make children more susceptible to various types of sleep problems. This study was conducted to identify sleep pattern and sleep problems in Nepalese children using Nepali translation of Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) screening tool.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected from parents of children aged 6 to 36 months attending paediatric out-patient clinic for general health check-up from July 2013 to December 2013. Nepali translation of the BISQ was used as a screening tool for sleep problems in this study.
Results: The study included 553 children (52.4% boys). Mothers completed the questionnaire in 92% of children. Mean total duration of sleep in 24 hours was 11.7 ±1.7 hours. Respondents reported sleep problem in 16.9% of children whereas 20.3% of children had sleep problems according to BISQ criteria. As per this criteria, 2.7% of children had total sleep duration less than 9 hours, 5.9% of children had total night awakening duration of more than one hour, 13.9% of children had night waking >3 times. These BISQ sleep parameters differed significantly in children with and without sleep problems (p<0.001). In addition, children with sleep problem took longer time to sleep than children without sleep problems (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Sleep problems are common in Nepalese infants and toddlers according to the BISQ. Screening for sleep problems is highly recommended during health care visits given the prevalence of sleep problems identified by this study to reduce their potential adverse impact.