Journal Issue: Volume: 61, No. 268 (2023)
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Volume
Number
Issue Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
JNMA Print ISSN: 0028-2715; Online ISSN: 1815-672X
Journal Volume
Articles
Ocular Trauma among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Basnet, Anjila; Dhakal, Grish; Ghising, Kiran; Pathak, Samyam Bickram; Shrestha, Trishna
Abstract
Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity worldwide. Knowledge of the cause of eye injuries can guide preventive strategies and optimize management capacity. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of ocular trauma among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with ocular trauma from 10 January 2023 to 5 July 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 4,959 patients, 107 (2.16%) (1.76-2.56, 95% Confidence Interval) had ocular trauma. Among them, 24 (22.43%) had occular trauma due to fall injuries. Ocular trauma was observed in 82 (76.64%) males and the common agent was blunt objects seen in 56 (52.34%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular trauma among patients was lower than in other studies done in similar settings.
Hernia among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Yadav, Raj Nandan; Maharjan, Jemesh Singh; Bajracharya, Jasmine; Pradhan, Giridhar B.N.; Shrestha, Sunil
Abstract
Introduction: Hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions causing disability and requiring hospital admission and surgery. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hernia among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery between 14 April 2021 and 13 April 2023 and were collected from 1 July 2023 to 31 July 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. The patient admitted to the Department of Surgery was included and those with incomplete data were excluded. Convenience sampling was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Out of 2057 patients, the prevalence of hernia was 247 (12.01%) (10.61-13.41, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 31 (12.55%) hernias were irreducible and 15 (6.07%) were operated in the emergency setting. The most common type of hernia was inguinal hernia found in 169 (68.42%) and hypertension was the most common comorbidities found in 48 (19.43%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hernia was similar to other studies done in similar settings. Hernia accounts for a major surgical burden in our setting. So, early diagnosis and treatment could reduce the morbidity and mortality related to it.
Prevalnace of Noise Induced Hearing Loss among Traffic Police Personnel of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
(Kathmandu University, 2011) Shrestha, I; Shrestha, BL; Pokharel, M; Amatya, RCM; Karki, DR
ABSTRACT
Background
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major preventable occupational health
hazard.
Objective
To measure permanent threshold shift in traffic police personnel due to noise
exposure and to examine whether it was associated with duration of noise
exposure, years of work and risk factors.
Methods
Cross sectional, descriptive study conducted at Dhulikhel hospital, Kathmandu
University Hospital in 110 responding traffic police personnel. Detailed history and
clinical examination of ear, impedence audiometry and pure tone audiometry was
performed.
Results
Mean age group was 29.82 years; 82(74.5%) were males and 28 (25.5%) were
females. Mean duration of service is 11.86 years. Twenty six (23.6%) had tinnitus
and 39(35.5%) had blocked sensation in ear. Sixty five (59.1%) worked between 10-
19 years. Alcohol and smoking shows positive impact on NIHL (p value =0.00). Odds
ratio with 95% confidence interval were 4.481 (1.925-10.432) and 6.578 (2.306-
18.764) respectively. Among 73(66.4%) noise induced hearing loss positive cases,
bilateral involvement was seen in 45 (40.9%) and unilateral in 28(25.4 %) cases.
Among unilateral cases most were left sided. Hearing threshold at 4 kHz increased
according to age and duration of service.
Conclusion
Traffic police personnel are in constant risk of noise induced hearing loss. Screening
for hearing loss is recommended for people exposed to noise.
KEY WORDS
noise induced hearing loss, traffic police personnel, occupational hazard
Cholesterol Gallstone among Patients with Cholelithiasis Admitted to the Department of Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Jha, Ashwini Kumar; Jha, Mina; Adhikari, Sunil
Abstract
Introduction: Gallstone is one of the most common pathological conditions found mostly in females. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones is developing higher nowadays which is increasing the burden of cost in society. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones among patients with cholelithiasis admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with cholelithiasis who presented in the Department of Surgery of tertiary care centre for cholecystectomy (laparoscopic or open) from 23 December 2022 to 22 September 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Patients who were diagnosed by use of abdominal ultrasound or CT scan were included. Those patients with gallbladder polyps, cholangitis, and gallbladder tumours were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 190 patients, the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones was seen in 85 (44.74%) (37.67-51.81, 95% Confidence Interval). The female to male ratio was 6.72:1.
Conclusions: The prevalence of cholesterol gallstones was found to be higher as compared to other studies done in similar settings.
Dental Caries on Deciduous Molars among Children Visiting Dental Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre
(Nepal Medical Association, 2023) Adhikari, Bhoj Raj; Shakya, Mamata; Bhatta, Nisha; Upadhya, Sumita; Mahanta, Swagat Kumar
Abstract
Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common, yet preventable childhood diseases. The aetiology of dental caries lies in the interplay between host, microorganism, substrate, and time. Risk factors for dental caries include physical, biological, environmental, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors such as high numbers of cariogenic bacteria, inadequate salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, poor oral hygiene, inappropriate methods of feeding infants, and poverty.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on children who visited the dental outpatient department of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital from 15 June 2023 to 30 July 2023. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: The prevalence of dental caries on deciduous molars in children was 252 (93.33%)(90.35-96.30, 95% Confidence Interval). One-third of the children had visited dental clinics for the first time. Lack of topical fluoride application was seen in the majority of the children.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries on deciduous molars among pediatric patients was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings.